Tuesday, November 25, 2008

What will be after Nanotechnology ?












ANGOTECHNOLOGY
Now the challenge is to push nanofabrication to the scale of single nanometers and even Angstroms.
Historically, the Ångström is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), who was one of the founders of spectroscopy. In 1868, Ångström introduced a spectrum chart to systematize solar radiation. The chart expressed the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation of the Sun in multiples of one ten-millionth of a millimeter, now called Angstrom. To give an example, the width of a human hair is typically about one million Angstroms.To make electronic devices with dimensions of a few Angstroms a new technology needs to be developed. Such Angstrom-resolution technology, or angotechnology, to be efficient, needs to provide tools to manipulate single atoms. Recently a possible approach to angotechnology was suggested in a paper by Aref, Remeika, and Bezryadin. Their idea is based on two facts: (1) Single atomic layers of graphite, known as graphene, are now available to scientists through the developments of Novoselov and collaborators. (2) The electron beam in a modern high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscope can be focused into a spot of only half an Angstrom. Remarkably, the electron focus spot diameter is smaller than the distance between neighboring atoms in graphene, which is 1.4 Angstroms. It is suggested by some researchers that if a highly focused e-beam of a TEM should be able to push single atoms from a suspended graphene layer. In order to illustrate the idea, Aref and collaborators focused an electron beam on a carbon nanotube, which is composed of a few rolled layers of graphene. It was indeed possible to remove atoms from the nanotube. The size of the resulting holes was about 20 or 30 Angstroms, which corresponds to hundreds of atoms removed. Although the power of the 2 00 keV e-beam to expel atoms from graphene is evident, the possibility to remove single atoms at will remains to be demonstrated in the experiment. The authors of the paper argue that further optimization of the method should allow the electron-beam expulsion of single atoms (EBESA) from the graphene. The EBESA, when achieved, will be the key to angofabrication and angotechnolgy. Many group compete to achieve the goal of a controlled expulsion of single atoms. This will allow one to fabricate devices with a truly atomic precision, simply by removing unwanted atoms from a monoatomic film, such as graphene.
The image given above illustrates the principle of EBESA, suggested as an approach to the development of angotechnology. There, a ficused beam of electrons (red) targets single atoms of graphene and expels them, on a one-by-one basis. Thus graphene-based electronic devices of any shape can be produced, with atomic precision. The figure above shows a prototype tripod device (green).

Clean Water from Nanotechnology


New technology that can absorb toxic chemicals from ground water — a technology that could soon find its way into water purification systems. To refine the method using Dendritic Nanotechnologies' Priostar dendrimer-based nanotechnology. Dendrimers are spheroid or globular structures engineered to carry specific molecules in their interior empty spaces or on their surface.
The primary target for the purification system will be perchlorate — a groundwater contaminant found in several regions — which has been found to adversely affect the health of women by interfering with iodide absorption in the thyroid gland. Researchers believe it will also prove effective at removing and recovering metals such as chromium and lead and contaminants such as arsenic from groundwater.

"Not only this technology serve the legislative and environmental requirements in a cost effective manner.The economic need for a water remediation and recovery system that is cost effective, recovers precious metals for recycling, and releases water that exceeds the Clean Water Act standards back into the environment will be highly desired worldwide.

Monday, November 24, 2008

HOW CNT CAN GROW ON SUBSTARTE







Process for Thin Film Coating

Before go to the process for the CNT growth on to the substrate,it is essential first to formed the thin film on to the substrate.We used quartz substrate in this process (glass,silicon wafer etc can also be used) and develop thin film on it by using RF Plasma Sputtering (others process can also be used).Its a very simple process for thin film coating on to the substrate.First placed the substrate at the desired location in the chamber,creating the vaccum and starting firing of plasma in it for certain time.Due to the ionic bombardment onto the target,material have been deposited onto the substrate.Now the sample is ready to grow the CNT/any other material on it.

CNT can be grown by using many methods:
a) Ion discharge
b) CVD
c) Laser Ablation etc

But we used CVD process at atmospheric pressure to grow CNT onto the quartz substrate:-
STEPS:---

1):- First put the sample in the boat after cleaning the boat from acetone and insert it in the
CVD chamber

2):- Plug on the supply,Set Temp: 800 degree celcius approx and set voltage level upto 200
volts (Note: These parameters depend on the type of substrate used)

3):- Now wait till the temperature reach upto 8oo degree celcius.(Note: In our case it consume
approx 20-30 mins to reach the set temperature value.

4):- When achieve the desired temperature,get ready to pass the gases from the chamber

5):- Pass the Argon gas from the chamber which act as a inert gas for five minutes using Mass
flow controller.(Set 50 but it can be changed like can set 100 too)

6):- Now Pass the Acetylene (IUPAC name: ethyne), C2H2 from the chamber
for ten minutes using Mass flow controller..(Set 20 but this parameter can be changed too.
Note:Some other Catalyst can also be used to grow CNT like some researchers used Resin and become succeed to grow CNT on it .

7):- Now turn off the supply and the developed sample is ready to characterized it from a
Microscopy Techniques eg SEM,TEM etc (We used SEM for it and see the fine CNT structures have been developed onto the substrate.

Points to Remember:-

MWCNTs synthesized with low acetylene concentration are more regular and with a lower amount of amorphous carbon than those synthesized with a high concentration. During the synthesis of CNTs, amorphous carbon nanoparticles nucleate on the external wall of the nanotubes. At high acetylene concentration carbon nanoparticles grow, covering all CNTs’ surface, forming a compact coating. The combination of CNTs with this coating of amorphous carbon nanoparticles lead to a material with high decomposition temperature.

For more info about CVD and Acetylene,click on the given links:-
http://www.uccs.edu/~tchriste/courses/PHYS549/549lectures/cvd.html for CVD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylene for c2h2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin for resin
http://www.fy.chalmers.se/atom/research/nanotubes/production.xml for MWCNT & SWCNT

Note: All the above given description on experimantal basis and subject to change/error---

Sunday, November 23, 2008

3T MRI

All MRI machines are calibrated in "Tesla Units". The strength of a magnetic field is measured in Tesla or Gauss Units. The stronger the magnetic field, the stronger the amount of radio signals which can be elicited from the body's atoms and therefore the higher the quality of MRI images.

1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss
Low-Field MRI= Under .2 Tesla (2,000 Gauss)
Mid-Field MRI= .2 to 0.6 Tesla (2,000 Gauss to 6,000 Gauss)
High-Field MRI= 1.0 to 1.5 Tesla (10,000 Gauss to 15,000 Gauss)


Advantages of 3 Tesla MRI

The 3T MRI has twice the field strength of most conventional MRI scanners, which typically operate at 1.5 Tesla. The 3T strength can increase the imaging resolution by 16 times. Tesla is a unit of measure for magnetic field strength. Three tesla is equivalent to 30,000 times the earth’s magnetic field. The 3T MRI captures images with a level of detail, clarity and speed never before possible.

Some of the procedures that the 3T MRI system will particularly benefit include:
MR angiography
• Neurological/brain imaging
• Spine studies • Orthopedic – including elbow, wrist, hip, knee, foot and ankle
• Prostate
• Pelvis – Male and Female
• Abdominal
• Functional imaging, spectroscopy, and brain fiber tracking

Saturday, November 22, 2008

THIN FILM MEMBRANES

Thin film composite membranes (TFC or TFM)

These are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells.
Essentially, a TFC material is a
molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials.
Membranes used in
reverse osmosis are typically made out of polyimide, chosen primarily for its permeability to water and relative impermeability to various dissolved impurities including salt ions and other small, unfilterable molecules.


Applications
Thin film composite membranes are used in
Water purification;
As a chemical reaction
buffer (batteries and fuel cells);
In industrial gas separations.



Active Research Areas
Nano-composite membranes (TFN). Key points: multiple layers, multiple materials.
New materials, sythetic zeolites, etc. to obtain higher performance.
Fuel-cells.
Batteries
.

NANOPHOTONICS COMPANY IN GERMANY

This company provides ultra-compact defect inspection tools for wafer front side, back side and edge in R&D, automated in-line quality monitoring, and for integrated defect inspection applications in semiconductor manufacturing. Our innovative modular product architecture, advanced defect classification software and strong engineering capabilities allow us to react quickly to customer’s needs and to provide cost effective solutions. The basis of our success is both the consistent approach to the requirements of the market, and our strong customer orientation.
To apply for a job or visited the website,please click on the given link..
http://www.nanophotonics.de/index.html
LITTLE JOURNEY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY


1959 Feynman gives after-dinner talk describing molecular machines building with atomic precision
1974
Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter machining
1977
Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT
1981
First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic precisionSTM invented
1985
Buckyball discovered
1986
First book publishedAFM inventedFirst organization formed
1987 First protein engineeredFirst university symposium
1988 First university course
1989 IBM logo spelled in individual atomsFirst national conference
1990 First nanotechnology journalJapan's STA begins funding nanotech projects
1991 Japan''s MITI announces bottom-up "atom factory"IBM endorses bottom-up pathJapan's
MITI commits $200 millionCarbon nanotube discovered
1992 First textbook publishedFirst Congressional testimony
1993 First Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology awardedFirst coverage of nanotechfrom White House"Engines of Creation" book given to Rice administration, stimulating
first university nanotech center
1994 Nanosystems textbook used in first university courseUS Science Advisor advocates
nanotechnology
1995 First think tank reportFirst industry analysis of military applications
1996 $250,000 Feynman Grand Prize announcedFirst European conferenceNASA begins work
in computational nanotechFirst nanobio conference
1997 First company founded: ZyvexFirst design of nanorobotic system
1998 First NSF forum, held in conjunction with Foresight ConferenceFirst DNA-based
nanomechanical device
1999 First Nanomedicine book publishedFirst safety guidelinesCongressional hearings on
proposed National Nanotechnology Initiative
2000 President Clinton announces
U.S. National Nanotechnology InitiativeFirst state research
initiative: $100 million in California
2001 First
report on nanotech industryU.S. announces first center for military applications
2002 First nanotech industry conferenceRegional nanotech efforts multiply
2003 Congressional
hearings on societal implicationsCall for balancing NNI research
portfolioDrexler/Smalley debate is published in Chemical & Engineering News
2004 First
policy conference on advanced nanotechFirst center for nanomechanical systems
2005 At Nanoethics meeting, Roco announces nanomachine/nanosystem project count has
reached 300
2006
National Academies nanotechnology report calls for experimentation toward molecular manufacturing

Friday, November 21, 2008

PhD Info:-Canada

ADVANCE MICRO/NANO DEVICES LAB
Univ Of WaterLoo,Ontario,Canada
About Them:
Top researchers and dynamic graduate students from around the world .Its vision is to use their unique resources to perform world-class research in the field of micro/nanotechnology. This is consistent with their goal of designing practical micro/nanosystem solutions to common real-world problems.
List Of Current Scholors,plz clik on the given link:-http://biomems.uwaterloo.ca/people.html
RESEARCH AREAS:-

1. MEMS/NEMSMicro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS)
2. Microassembly
3. Nanodevices for Biomedical Applications
Projects Running:-
Lab currently looking for energetic and hardworking undergraduate & graduate students to work on the following projects:
1. MEMS Optical Scanner for endoscopic optical coherence tomographic imaging.
2. Micromirror devices with confocal macroscopy for genetic microarray reading and tissue imaging.
3. Robotics for micromanipulations of MEMS components.
4. Carbon nanotube-based sensors for biomedical applications.
5. Lab-on-a-chip designs.
Contact :-
A Passion To Connect
Mailing Address:Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterloo, Ontario,
N2L 3G1Office: DC 2631
Tel: +1-519-888-4567, ext 32152Fax: +1-519-746-4791
Email: jyeow[at]engmail.uwaterloo.ca

Wednesday, November 19, 2008

BHEL JOB

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) BHEL Corporate R&D, Vikasnagar, Hyderabad - 500093, Andhra Pradesh

BHEL is looking for bright candidates with Doctoral qualifications in Engineering and Science with Aptitude for Research for the positions of Sr. Engineer/ Dy. Manager / Scientific Officer/ Sr. Scientific Officer/ Engineer/ Scientific Officer/ Sr. Engineer/ in Corporate Research & Development division situated at Hyderabad, Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Plant (ASSCP) situated at Gwalapahari, Gurgaon, Heavy Electrical Plant situated at Bhopal in the areas of :


Areas :

Modelling & Simulation of Gas-Soild Flow Systems for Clean Coal Technology, Nano Materials & Nano Technology, Fuel Cell (PEM/SOFC), Micro Electronics/Thin Film Technology, Cryogenic System Design for Superconducting Machines, Advanced Materials for Super-critical Boilers & Turbines and Nuclear Power Plant Equipment, Aero-Acoustics of Power Plant Applications, Transient/Nucleating Flow Analysis/ Cavitations Flow Simulation, Thermal Turbomachine, Insulation Chemistry, High Voltage Engineering, Partial Discharge (High Voltage), Hydraulic Designing of Turbines & Pumps
Qualification : Candidates should possess Ph D in relevant area of specialization, as a full time student of a recognized Institute/University, from India or abroad. 2. Area of Specialisation / working experience should be supported by Published works. Candidates with no Ph.D can also apply for Sr. Engineer.
How to Apply: Interested candidates should send the filled-in application in the prescribed format along with attested copies of qualifications and experience, indicating “the Name of the post applied for & the Post code” on top of the cover/ envelope to the Manager (HR/Recruitment), BHEL Corporate R&D, Vikasnagar, Hyderabad - 500093, Andhra Pradesh latest by 08/12/2008. However, an advance copy of filled in application may be sent through
email to kbr@bhelrnd.co.in
Last Date of application submitting is 08/12/2008
Further details available at http://www.bhel.com/pdf/Advt_061108.pdf
Application form available at http://www.bhel.com/pdf/Appli_Form061108.pdf

Thursday, November 13, 2008

COFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE

(ICFMAT 2009)
International conference on International Conference on Functional Materials for Advanced Technology


It provides an ideal platform to to discuss the latest advancements in the Physics and Chemistry of materials The idea is to bring together researchers, scientists and academia active in the field of solid state and materials chemistry into a single arena. The conference looks ahead to cover a wide range of interdisciplinary topics such as Functional materials, Nanomaterials, Magnetic materials, Biomaterials, Display materials and Energy Storage materials which are in the forefront of present day material development. The conference will also cover theoretical modeling/simulations, novel approaches in materials synthesis, characterization techniques and applications.Materials Research centre, Department of Physics, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai-600 066, India is actively working on NLO Materials, Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor Materials, Nano Materials, Materials for Display Devices, Device Fabrications. Researchers in this centre are actively engaged in CSIR, DRDO& DST funded projects. This centre is also offering Ph.D programmes. The Department of Physics has been active in several research programs in these frontier areas and takes pride in bringing together pioneers, stalwarts and other active researchers all over the world by this conference.The technical programs comprise of plenary, keynote and invited talks from eminent scientists from India and abroad, contributed lectures from both the young and experienced researchers and also poster presentations. The two-day conference will provide an attractive atmosphere for the participants from all over the world to discuss, to interact and to exchange their prolific ideas and state-of-the-art work with some of the best minds in the field. One of the highlights of the conference would be giving young and talented researchers a chance to present their work and share their ideas with the most eminent scientists in the field. We look forward to your participation in the International Conference on Functional Materials for Advanced Technology (ICFMAT 2009) at Chennai.Conference topics: Functional MaterialsModeling and Computer Simulations of Functional MaterialsOptoelectronic Materials & DevicesMagnetic MaterialsElectroceramic MaterialsLiquid CrystalsElectrochemical Materials & DevicesHigh Performance Polymers and FibersBiomaterials & Devices
SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS:-
Delegates interested in submitting the papers are requested to send abstract (maximum 200 words) to the convenor. The abstract has to be submitted by e-mail, preferably an attachment file.Authors are invited to submit papers of not more than 8 pages of double column text using single-spaced, 10-point Times New Roman font on 8.5 x 11 inch pages. Accepted papers will be printed in the conference proceedings. The size limit of the text is one page (A4 size: printing area 6" x 9") including the title, names, affiliation and graphics regardless of the method of abstract submission.The paper should describe original work with specific results. The content of the paper must not be announced (or) published prior to the conference. Prepare abstracts according to the guidelines and send them to the convener no later than November 03-10-2008.

The deadline for the submission of full length paper is 10-12-2008.
Additional Information
CategoryIndian delegates(Industrial participants) :Rs. 2000

Indian delegates(Academician/scientist) :Rs. 1500
Foreign delegates (Industrial participants) :$ 300
Foreign delegates (Academician/scientist) :$ 250I
ndian Student/Research scholar: Rs 1000Foreign Student/Research scholar: $200

NANOTECH 2009

ICMEMS 2009 - International Conference on MEMS2009
Location:-Chennai, India
In recent years, MEMS has emerged as a major area of interest in India. In particular, this has been a successful interdisciplinary research programme at Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), one of the premier technology institutes in India. IITM is stepping into its 50th year on 31 July, 2008.
As part of the year long Golden Jubilee celebrations of IITM, we are organising an International Conference on MEMS (ICMEMS 2009) in Chennai, India, from 3 - 5 January, 2009.

The main objective of this conference is to provide a forum for researchers to interact and exchange information about their activities in the area of MEMS. The conference will consist of plenary/invited talks by eminent researchers in the MEMS/NEMS field worldwide as well as Oral and Poster presentations from contributed papers.
We invite original technical papers in all areas pertaining to design, fabrication and applications of MEMS and NEMS for oral and poster presentations. The main topics to be covered, but not limited to, are:
* Design, Modelling and Simulation of MEMS devices
* Materials, Fabrication and Processes
* Testing, Reliability and Packaging
* Applications of MEMS: RF MEMS, Optical MEMS, BioMEMS, Sensors, Actuators, etc.
* Microfluidics
* Emerging Trends
* Nano-Electro-Mechanical Devices and Systems (NEMS)
* Nanophotonics
* Other Relevant Topics
For more information:
http://www.icmems2009.iitm.ac.in

NANOTECH CONCLAVE

4th Nanotechnology Conclave 2009
2 to 3 March 2009 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Website:
http://www.tntdpc.com/nanotechnology.html
Contact name: K Kalaivanan
4th Nanotechnology Conclave 2009, Tamil Nadu Technology Development & Promotion Center of CII's mega international event, is scheduled to be held in :

Chennai, India, at Hotel Taj Coromandal, from 02-03 March 2009.
Organized by: Tamil Nadu Technology Development & Promotion Center of CII
Deadline for abstracts/proposals: 10 February 2009

NANO PROJECT IN INDIAN OIL

Appointment of Research Associate on Ad-Hoc Basis
The Research & Development Centre of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., is undertaking specific time-bound projects in the area of Nano-technology, ,requires ad-hoc position purely on temporary basis for specified duration as mentioned against each of the following project :

Project on Heat Transfer Fluid.
Post :- Research Associate
Job Code:- R&D / Ad-hoc / 32)
Position:-01
Tenure:-12 months
Eligibility:-Post-Graduate in Science and M.Tech. in Nanosciences/Nano-technology with exposure to research in nanotechnology area.

ENOLUMENTS:-21,500 PM
AGE:- 28 Years
Date of Interview – 19.11.2008
Venue of Walk-in Interview : Indian oil Corporation Ltd.
Research & Development Centre (near Escorts Agri-Machinery Factory), Sector-13, Faridabad


Candidates reporting after 12.00 noon shall not be allowed to appear for the interview .A candidate will be allowed to apply for one position only. No TA / DA will be paid for the purpose of interview and joining after selection.

Candidates are advised to furnish details with respect to qualifications, age and experience etc, in the attached format along with recent passport size photographs at the time of Walk-in Interview. Candidates must bring all original certificates along
with photocopies.
http://www.iocl.com/PeopleCareers/Appointment_Research_Associates_111108.pdf

For further queries, you may please contact
Ms. Rashmi Tiru, M(HR) – Ph. No. 0129-2294229
or Mr. P K Gupta, SO(ER) – Ph. No. 0129-2294234.

APPIN JOB

FRESHERS NANOTECHNOLOGY JOBS <> APPIN KNOWLEDGE SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. - BANGALORE , CHENNAI , DELHI , HYDERABAD / SECUNDERABAD , KOLKATA , MUMBAI , PUNE
Experience:0 - 2 Years
Location:Bengaluru/Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad / Secunderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune
Education:UG - B.Tech/B.E. - Any Specialization, Bio-Chemistry/Bio-Technology, Biomedical, Ceramics, Chemical, Electrical, Electronics/Telecomunication, Mechanical, Metallurgy, Mineral, Mining PG - M.Sc - Any Specialization, Bio-Chemistry, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Electronics, Microbiology, Physics, Zoology PPG - Ph.D/Doctorate - Any Specialization, Anthropology, Automobile, Aviation, Bio-Chemistry/Bio-Technology, Biomedical, Biotechnology, Ceramics, Chemical, Chemistry, Electrical, Electronics/Telecomnication, Mechanical, Metallurgy, PhysicsIndustry Type:Education/ Teaching/Training
Job Description :
Research & development of new nanotechnology products.Scoping detailed training requirements including the performance of needs assessments to determine what is required for agent training as well as how to close gaps in performance issues.
Desired Candidate Profile : Person with strong technical background, with research bent of mind. Developing new products via-research having experience in any reseach lab. Exceptional freshers with reseach publications are also invited.
Company Profile : Appin Knowledge Solutions with its Asia Pacific Head Quarters in New Delhi is an affiliate of Appin Group of Companies based in Austin, Texas (US). Its vision is to promote Appin’s Technology Training Software via Distance Learning, Instructor led Contact Details
Company Name:Appin knowledge Solutions Pvt.Ltd.
Website: http://www.appinonline.com

Executive Name:Kalpana Vats
Address:Appin knowledge Solutionsappin knowledge solutions31,nishant kunj,main roadnear kohat enclave,new delhi-110034New Delhi - delhi ,INDIA 110034
Email Address:hr(AT)appingroup.com, kalpana.vats(AT)appinonline.com
Telephone:0091-011-9999338961,011-27358004
Fax:011-27358004

Wednesday, November 12, 2008

CNT CAN CAUSE LUNG CANCER


While carbon nanotubes are being used more and more in the chemistry and electronics industries, a study published by the Nature Nanotechnology Journal has found that these nanotubes may cause the human body the same harm as asbestos.
These artificially created molecules are currently in use in many products, including tennis rackets, baseball bats, and bicycle handlebars. Because companies are not required to disclose the information, consumers are unable to know the exact use and amounts of the nanotubes.
Researchers noted that nanotube fibers are very similar to asbestos fibers, and studied their effects on bodies of mice. Asbestos, varying lengths of carbon nanotubes, and normal flat carbon sheets were injected into the abdomens of mice. These researchers found that long carbon nanotubes cause inflammation and scarring in the lining of the lungs and stomach—an effect of exposure to asbestos.
Asbestos lawyers, health advocates and researchers have come to support a more cautious approach when dealing with nanotechnologies.
Those in manufacturing plants may not be the only ones at risk; people who demolish the products, throw the products into landfill sites, or incinerate the products may be subject to carbon nanotube exposure.

NANO SIZE OBAMA




At the University of Michigan, Researchers has used nanotechnology to create images of Barack Obama, the next president of the United States. Each Obama face is made up of 150 million vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes grown at really high temperatures and imaged with a scanning electron microscope.Carbon nanotubes are tiny hollow cylinders of carbon that are tens of thousands of times smaller than a human hair, but several times stronger and stiffer than steel.


HOW THEY ARE MADE:-
The nanobama structures are made of carbon nanotubes, and the pictures were taken using optical and electron microscopes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tiny hollow cylinders of carbon; the diameter of a CNT is tens of thousands of times smaller than a human hair, and CNTs are several times stronger and stiffer than steel. CNTs are grown by a high-temperature chemical reaction, using patterns of nanoscale metal catalyst particles arranged in the shapes of the faces, text, and flags that you see in the images. Each face contains millions of parallel nanotubes, standing vertically on the substrate like a forest of trees. If you were standing next to the nanotubes as they grow, and each nanotube was a 1 foot (0.3 meter) diameter tree, the trees would be growing at over 500 miles per hour! The nanobama faces are approximately 0.5 millimeter wide, or about ten times the width of a human hair.

The nanobamas are made as follows, and as shown in the diagram above:-
(1) convert an image of Barack Obama to a line drawing
(2) shrink the drawing and print it onto a glass plate (mask), using a laser system
(3) shine ultraviolet light through the mask, and onto a thin layer of polymer on a silicon wafer, thereby patterning the polymer by photolithography
(4) coat the wafer with a thin layer of catalyst nanoparticle "seeds" for nanotube growth
(5) remove the remaining polymer, leaving the catalyst seeds in the shapes of the nanobamas
(6) grow the CNTs from the catalyst patterns, by placing the wafer in a high-temperature furnace and filling the furnace with a carbon-containing gas
(7) take pictures of the structures, which are barely visible to the naked eye, using electron and optical microscopes

Beyond the nanobama fun, carbon nanotubes and other nanostructures are building blocks for many important technological advances. These include high-performance solar cells and batteries, new methods of diagnosing and treating disease, next-generation computer processors and memory, and lightweight composite materials. Broad awareness and understanding of the widespread benefits, implications, and potential risks of nanotechnology will be essential for its commercial success. Likewise, public and private support for research and education programs catalyzes economic growth and enables continued breakthroughs in energy, medicine, communications, and other vital areas.

JOB IN NANOBIOSYM

NANOBIOSYM
Dr. Anita Goel, MD, PhD
Founder, Chairman, & CEO


Nanobiosym® (NBS) was founded as an idea lab and research institute to:
Discover breakthrough scientific insights that emerge from the holistic integration of physics, biomedicine, and nanotechnology.
Transition these technologies to make a positive global impact.
Our Physics of the 20th Century deals primarily with inanimate matter and does not yet fully come to terms with life and living systems. Modern medicine is practiced chiefly at the level of molecular biology and biochemistry. Very little is understood about the role of physics in physiological processes. Nanotechnology is one arena where physics and medicine meet
Nanobiosym® Diagnostics (NBSDx) focuses on the commercialization of our Gene-RADAR® technology platform, which will empower people worldwide with rapid, accurate, and portable diagnostic information about their own health. We are also working closely with global thought leaders, governmental, NGO, and commercial partners to bring our technological capabilities to the developing world. We are committed to bringing the benefits of our technology platforms to both developed and emerging markets in an economically sustainable fashion.
Nanobiosym encourage those who resonate with our mission to explore potential synergies with this organization.


To Submit CV,click on the given link:-
http://nanobiosym.iapplicants.com/

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN DIAGANOSIS

Magnetic Nanoparticles helps in detecting cancer
MRI is one of the tools for doctors that can help in diagnosis of cancer cells. In this technique magnetic waves are used for detecting different types of tissues. Researchers have found that magnetic nanoparticles can help in identifying cancer cells especially during MRI scan.
A team of researchers found that these magnetic nanoparticles binds themselves to the cancer cells and act as radio transmitters and therefore enhance the capabilities of MRI detection.
The finding of the research have been published recently in an online journal of American Chemical Society where the researchers claim that they have fabricated smallest magnetic nanoparticle and after coating it, the nanoparticle enhances the MRI signal.
The researchers fabricated peptide-coated iron oxide nanoparticle and it was injected to the mice for locating a tumor cell known as U87MG. A perfect size of the nanoparticle and a particular peptide coating thickness was achieved and this magnetic nanoparticle was found to give best results

NANOPLASTICS

In recent years, nanoplastic technology has earned more and more attention, and is beginning to apply in the toy, textile, consumer product and automobile industries. Developers and users predict that in the coming 20 years, nanoplastic will become a megastar, and sets to become one of the most important materials.

Hong Kong-based developer of nanotechnology, has been producing calcium carbonate filled polymers and rubbers by sedimentation. According to researchers nanoplastic is actually a kind of plastic which can mix two unmerged plastic materials into one, or used as fillers to improve plastic flow.

In the near future, the day nanoplastic can truly replace high-priced materials, such as aluminum that is commonly used at present by the company. "Take tent frames as an example, iron supporter are low-priced but easily rusted; aluminum supporters do not have such demerit but are more expensive. If the pricing of nanoplastic can be greatly lowered with higher elasticity and hardness levels, its demand will be greatly increased.We can hope that nanoplastic can replace wood and metal to easing environmental problems due to logging and metal waste washed into the sea.

Huge potential

Although nanoplastic has not yet set as mainstream material, such item will develop as a commonly used plastic material in the next 20 years. "By applying nanotechnology, manufacturers can put anti-septic, anti-UV, fire-resistant, heat-absorbing and conducting functions into plastics, just the same as adding seasoning ingredients into cooking .
Researchers also shows optimistic expectations for nanoplastic. Researchers hopes that its applications can be compared to engineering plastics, so a greater market can be explored. Researchers reveals the second-generation nano materials will soon put into test. It is expected that the new generation material will be harder, more elastic, lighter and cheaper. Researchers predicts R&D timing for the coming generations of materials will become shorter, the Huge potentialAlthough nanoplastic has not yet set as mainstream material, Researchers predicts such item will develop as a commonly used plastic material in the next 20 years. "By applying nanotechnology, manufacturers can put anti-septic, anti-UV, fire-resistant, heat-absorbing and conducting functions into plastics, just the same as adding seasoning ingredients into cooking," said Lui.Keung also shows optimistic expectations for nanoplastic. Researchers hopes that its applications can be compared to engineering plastics, so a greater market can be explored. Scientist reveals the second-generation nano materials Kong will soon put into test. It is expected that the new generation material will be harder, more elastic, lighter and cheaper.

Tuesday, November 11, 2008

NANOSHELLS COMBATTING CANCER

"Imagine if cancer could become trivial."
For furthering our understanding of the potential of "nanoshells," while at the same time lessening our worries about cancer, 2003 "Best Discovery" Award was given to Naomi Halas and Jennifer West for their cancer-fighting gold nanoparticles. One of their visions: no less than single visit diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Dr. Naomi Halas
Dr. Jennifer West
Their tool: a 100 nanometer (nm) gold sphere or "nanoshell" surrounding a silica core. How big is 100 nm? Take a look at the period at the end of this sentence - it's about 10,000 times bigger than a nanoshell. The process: during your regular checkup, your doctor injects you with nanoshells, then shines a "near-infrared" light over your body, briefly. Then a program on their laptop indicates location, shape and size of any new early-stage tumors. Once located, each tumor can then be hit with the same light, at higher energies, killing the tumor, and not damaging the surrounding tissues. To kill a tumor, what do the nanoshells and light do? In a nutshell, they "cook" it. How does it work: The gold coat of the nanoshell absorbs the externally applied light-energy, turning it into heat (up to 131 degrees F.) So far it has worked on human breast tissue cancer cells, and tumors on mice. The upsides: Single-visit diagnosis and treatment, and significantly less damage to non-cancerous tissues (Popular Science writer Kevin Kelleher said it best: "Today's best cancer treatments destroy tumor cells with about as much precision as an atomic bomb.") And last, but not least, after serving their purpose, nanoshells are eliminated from the body, naturally. (Silica-gold nanoshells are [also] uniquely suitable for use in 'instantaneous' whole-blood immunoassays, and optically triggered drug delivery.) Ed. Note: This simple, painless, quick therapy may replace or supplement chemotherapy and surgery. Personally, I could do without the worries, nausea and cost of conventional therapies. The downside:
The upshot: "... a new method of testing whole blood that could allow emergency room doctors and other point-of-care health professionals to rapidly diagnose a variety of ailments, including hemorrhagic stroke, heart attack, and various infectious diseases

"Nanoshells eventually may find a role in emergency rooms and doctor's offices, too. The group is in the early stages of developing a nanoshell-based blood test for detecting diseases and the telltale signs of stroke. Their goal is to make an on-the-spot and accurate diagnostic tool for medical personnel. Not one for hyperbole, Halas uses the words "revolutionary" and "frontier" to describe how nanoshells could affect medical products and procedures. 'This could change the way people think about surgery and diagnostics,'

"The researchers hope to develop nanoshells as a platform technology for the integrated discovery, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Ultimately, they hope to enable doctors to find cancerous lumps six to seven years earlier than they can with today's mammograms. They also hope nanoshell technology will allow doctors to diagnose those lumps without invasive biopsies and destroy malignant tumors without surgery. Unlike drug-based cancer therapies, the photothermal treatment of cancer relies on the basic physics of light. By shining near-infrared light on gold nanoshells, doctors can generate enough heat to burst the walls of tumor cells. The light itself is invisible and harmless, and because the heating is very localized, it affects only cells immediately adjacent to the nanoshells. The use of benign, light-activated nanoshells avoids many of the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, which often affect healthy tissues and make patients sick.

Monday, November 10, 2008

ZnO Thin Film Using Sol-Gel Process

What is Sol-Gel Process?

The sol-gel process is a wet-chemical technique (Chemical Solution Deposition) for the fabrication of materials (typically a metal oxide) starting either from a chemical solution (sol short for solution) or colloidal particles (sol for nanoscale particle) to produce an integrated network (gel).

How We Can Prepare Zno Thin film Using Sol-Gel Process?

Its a simple process:-
Using zinc acetate and monoethanolamine at required concentration for the thin film ,mix it in a beaker using magnetic stirr and put few drops of Isopropyl alcohol using burrette untill the solution becomes transparent'.

1. Using Spin Coating method ,spinning the solution at 1500-5000 rpm for 15-40 seconds on
the glass/quartz substrate.
2. Bake it on 60 –150 °C hotplate for 1-5 minutes.
3. Bake it on 200-450 °C hotplate for 1-5 minutes.
4. Anneal it in 500- 700 °C oven for 3-60 minutes.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 several times, until desired film thickness is attained.


Alternate Route:-Can Be try---

---- Without monoethanolamine. zinc acetate and glycol-ethylen, heat at 150°C since 1h and the solide obtain is dissolve in ethanol.

-----Try zinc acetate dissolved in water or acetic acid; if in water you could easily complex with citric acid under stirring and mild heating and then evaporate on the hot plate the solution.

------Mixed zinc acetate + methanol + deionized water and add acetic acid to prevent zinc hydroxide precipitation. The solution quite stable for a long time


-----Use zinc-acetate in methanol and precipitate it with NaOH in ethanol. The precipitated zincoxide can be treated with stearic acid and redispersed in Hexane

Sunday, November 9, 2008

GENETICALLY MODIFIED PIGS WITH TRANSPLANTABLE ORGANS WILL BE READY IN THREE YEARS AS SAID BY LONDON BASED RESEARCHERS*.

IS IT BETTER FOR MANKIND THAT RESEARCHERS IS TRYING TO USE PIGS ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANT IN HUMAN BEINGS? BUT ITS VERY DIFFICULT TO DIGEST THIS NEWS FOR THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY BECAUSE IT IS HARAAM MENTIONED IN THIS RELIGION? COMMENT ON IT?

Organs of pigs suitable for transplanting into humans could be ready in a decade.Genetically modified pigs will be available in a year as said by researchers.Research carried out in Imperial college,London and California Institute of Technology.

Researchers said that kidney arelikely to b the first pig organs that reasearchers attempt to transplant into a sick human.

Pigs are regarded as ideal for animal to human transplants ,xenotransplantation and other research because of the similarity in the physiological make up and because they got many of the same diseases as diabetes.

Human Immune systems are quick to react to "foreign bodies" but scientists are confident that they are close to modifying the genetic make up of pigs to "humanise" their organs and make animal to human transplants possible.

Patients who recieved pig organs would have to take immune suppresant drugs for the rest of their lives but no more than those who recieved organs transplant from other people.


* Article Published In TOI on 9th November

ECG Vs EEG n Role of NanoScience in It

Que:- Is there is any difference between in EEG and ECG?
Can Nanotechnology play an important role in it?

Ans:- 1):- Yes, both process are using in diagonostic process but differ from one another.

In ECG/EKG which referred as a Electro-Cardiography which used for detecting the
rhythm of the heart pulses.It normally carried out for the detection of Weak and
strong pulses.For more Information U can go for this link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiogram

2):- Now EEG which referred as a Electro-Encephlography is used to detect the electrical signals generated from the brain.Electrodes have been placed in the different lobes of the brain.Beside this one EKG/ECG electrode it also includes. Normally it have been carried out on such patients whose are affecting from certain Mental problems like Headache,Seizures,Epilepsy, Migrain etc.It is one of the Important Tool in Neurological field after MRI for the detection of chemical imbalances in the Brain. For more Information U can go for this link


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography

IMPORTANCE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THESE PROCESS:-


As Both these process required high Quality gold plated Electrodes,Conducting Paste and Cleaning Gel.All of these are very costly.Its my opinion that Material Science playing an important role in it.Using Carbon Nanotubes and other Nanomaterials for making these items hopefully lower down its costing.As we all know that the CNT have remarkable features like its mechanical strength,its chirality,its conducting nature etc..Presently the main challenges with it to control its chirality,its diameter n lots of factor associated with it otherwise,One day It will be one of the furture alternatives of material in different sectors.

Saturday, November 8, 2008

NANOBOTS

How can we make nanobots?
यू know nano technology?


it is said that in the future there r gonna be microscopic robots which will help us cure diseases and help in other stuff but how can we create them?