NANOJAMIANS

PROUD OF ASTROPHYSICS

2011-07-18T02:59:00.000-07:00

Dr A.K Saxena

Dean (E) and Head ( Photonics Division)

Indian Institute of Astrophysics , Bangalore

Prof A.K.Saxena has been working in the field of Photonics Instrumentation and Optical Technology for the past 35 years. He obtained his M.Sc and Ph.D. degree in Physics from Lucknow University, India in 1968 and 1977 respectively. Early part of his research activities has been mainly directed towards developing some new polarization techniques for the study of refractive index fields. These techniques were found quite useful in the study of flames and in the study of concentration dependent diffusion in reactive and non-reactive liquid-liquid system. Also these techniques have potential application in wind tunnel studies.Later then he designed various types of optics for the filed of Solar research , developed instrumentation for Optics Slope Error Characterization i.e LTP , Setting up of Optical Coating Plants etc are one of his biggest achievements . The Detailed Professional background of him given below :

: EDUCATIONAL PROFILE:

Ø B.Sc , Lucknow University,1966

Ø M.Sc ,Lucknow University,1968

Ø PhD , Lucknow University,1977 (Optical Instrumentation)

Ø Diploma in Russian Language

Passion: Optics, Photonics Instrumentation, Telescopes, Astrophysics etc

: EMPLOYMENT PROFILE:

Ø Lecturer in Girdhari Singh College, Lucknow, 1969-71

Ø Junior fellow Council of Science and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 1971-74

Ø Joined Indian Institute of Astrophysics(IIA), Kodaikanal, as a Research Associate in 1974-79

Ø Fellow at IIA, Bangalore, 1979-83

Ø Reader at IIA, 1983-89

Ø Principal Scientific Officer : IIA , Bangalore, 1989-1995

Ø Sr.Principal Scientific Officer:IIA, Bangalore, 1995-2006

Ø Visiting Scientist Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, 1992-95

Ø Visiting Professor at University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada, July to December 2003;

Ø Visiting consultant Lions Eye Hospital, Bangalore, 1994-to 2004.

Ø Head : Photonics Division ,IIA 1989-to 2011

Ø Dean (E) and Engineer G, Bangalore, 2006-to 2011

Ø Superannuation from IIA on 20^th July 2011 (62 years)

MOST INNOVATIVE: DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT/SET UP*:

Ø Polarization interferometer technique using a simple device (Babinet Compensator) for the precise quantitative evaluation of optical surfaces and wave front sensing in situation like active and adaptive optics systems.

Ø Designing Optics of Various Sizes for the different type of Telescopes

Ø Sunshield panels for INSAT, 3D imager and sounder coolers and W2M

Ø Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines (61A, 450 Mev) and Monochromators

Ø Long Trace Profilometer ( Version 1 and 2)

Ø Setting up of Veeco Profilometer for surface metrology & measurement of micro roughness

Ø Set up of Vacuum coating Unit facilities at IIA Bangalore, Kavalur and Hanle Observatories

Ø Setting up of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Facilities at Metrology Lab, IIA

Ø 10.5 Micron QWIP Detector

Ø Lyman Alpha Filters

: ACHIEVEMENTS:

Recipient of Republic Day Award of the National Research Development Corporation for the innovative invention work related to the passive radiant cooler used in VHRR of INSAT II series of satellites.

: PUBLICATIONS:

Ø Articles : 35*

Ø Lectures/Popular Talks: 21*

Ø News and Reports: 6*

Ø Symposium/Conference: 34*

: ACTIVITIES:

Ø Visiting Worldwide Scientific Institutions: 12*

Ø Supervision of Students for Graduate Studies Project: 4*

Ø Supervised PhD Research Scholars: 4*

Ø Memberships: 8*^#

#Memberships in various Scientific Projects as an Advisor/Consultant i.e. BARC, ISRO ; In the Selection Committee for the Recruitment of Scientific/Faculty Posts i.e. IIT ; Member of the International Astronomical Union, Astronomical Society of India, Indian Vacuum Society, Indo French Technical Association ,SPIE etc

*Still is Adding

Fore More info , kindly click on the given link :

http://www.iiap.res.in/people/personnel/saxena/ProfSummary.htm

PHOTONICS AND PATIENT CARE !!!

2011-01-15T00:24:00.000-08:00

Esophageal Cancer Detected with Light

DURHAM, N.C., Jan. 10, 2011 — A tiny light source and sensors at the end of an endoscope may provide a more accurate way to identify pre-cancerous cells in the lining of the esophagus.

Developed by biomedical engineers at Duke University and successfully tested on patients during a clinical trial at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the device holds the promise of being a less invasive method for testing patients suspected of having Barrett's esophagus, a change in the lining of the esophagus due to acid reflux. Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid splashes, or refluxes, up into the esophagus.

Long periods of acid reflux can change the cells that line the esophagus, making them appear more like intestinal cells than esophageal cells. These cellular changes can also be a precursor to cancer. As in most cancers, early identification of these pre-cancerous cells often leads to better outcomes for patients. Barrett's esophagus afflicts more than one percent of the US population, with most patients above the age of 50.

Using an endoscope to reach the esophagus via the nose, physicians shine short bursts of this light at locations of suspected disease and sensors capture and analyze the light as it is reflected back. In particular, they are trying to spot characteristic changes within the layer of cells known as the epithelium, which line cavities and surfaces throughout the body.

"By interpreting the way the light scatters after we shine it at a location on the tissue surface, we can the spot the tell-tales signs of cells that are changing from their healthy, normal state to those that may become cancerous," said Neil Terry, a Ph.D. student working in the laboratory of Adam Wax, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke's Pratt School of Engineering, who developed the device.

The team published their findings online in the January issue of the journal Gastroenterology.

"Specifically, the nuclei of pre-cancerous cells are larger than typical cell nuclei, and the light scatters back from them in a characteristic manner," Terry continued. "When we compared the findings from our system with an actual review by pathologists, we found they correlated in 86 percent of the samples."

UNC gastroenterologist Dr. Nicholas Shaheen conducted the preliminary clinical trial of the device on 46 patients with Barrett's esophagus.

"Currently, we take many random tissue samples from areas we where we think abnormal cells may be located," Shaheen said. "This new system may make our biopsies smarter and more targeted. Early detection is crucial, because the cure rate for esophageal cancer that is caught early is quite high, while the cure rate for advanced disease is dismal, with a 15 percent survival rate after five years."

The technology that Wax and his team developed for cancer detection is known as angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI). The technique is able to separate the unique patterns of the nucleus from the other parts of the cell and provide representations of its changes in shape in real time.

"This optical approach of sampling allows us to cover more tissue sites in less time and has the potential to significantly improve our ability to spot and monitor these pre-cancerous cells," Wax said. "This type of approach could be used to improve and perhaps one day supplant the physical biopsies currently being used."

Wax pointed out that since approximately 85 percent of all cancers begin within the layers of the epithelium in various parts of the body, he believes that the new system could also work in such cancers as those of the colon, trachea, cervix or bladder.

The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and Oncoscope Inc., a company Wax founded in 2006, based on the Duke technology. Wax has a financial interest in the company, and Terry is a consultant.

Oncoscope plans a clinical trial of the system for approval, and Wax said there could be a commercially available device as early as 2012.

Source : Photonics.Com

FIBROMYALGIA--MUSCLES STIFFNESS !!!

2010-05-17T23:08:00.000-07:00

What is Fibromyalgia ?

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition causing pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints. Fibromyalgia is also characterized by restless sleep, awakening feeling tired,fatigue, anxiety, depression, and disturbances in bowel function. Fibromyalgia was formerly known as fibrositis.

While fibromyalgia is one of the most common diseases affecting the muscles, its cause is currently unknown. The painful tissues involved are not accompanied by tissue inflammation. Therefore, despite potentially disabling body pain, patients with fibromyalgia do not develop body damage or deformity. Fibromyalgia also does not cause damage to internal body organs. In this sense, fibromyalgia is different from many other rheumatic conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, and polymyositis). In those diseases, tissue inflammation is the major cause of pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the joints, tendons and muscles, and it can lead to joint deformity and damage to the internal organs or muscles.

What causes fibromyalgia ?

The cause of fibromyalgia is not known. Those affected experience pain in response to stimuli that are normally not perceived as painful. Researchers have found elevated levels of a nerve chemical signal, called substance P, and nerve growth factor in the spinal fluid of fibromyalgia patients. Levels of the brain chemical serotonin are also relatively low in patients with fibromyalgia. Studies of pain in fibromyalgia have suggested that the central nervous system (brain) may be somehow supersensitive. Scientists note that there seems to be a diffuse disturbance of pain perception in patients with fibromyalgia.

Also, patients with fibromyalgia have an impaired non-Rapid-Eye-Movement, or non-REM, sleep phase (which likely, at least in part, explains the common feature of waking up fatigued and unrefreshed in these patients). The onset of fibromyalgia has been associated with psychological distress, trauma, and infection.

Who does fibromyalgia affect ?

Fibromyalgia affects predominantly women (over 80% of those affected are women) between the ages of 35 and 55. Rarely, fibromyalgia can also affect men, children, and the elderly. It can occur independently or can be associated with another disease, such as systemic lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of fibromyalgia varies in different countries. In Sweden and Britain, 1% of the population is affected by fibromyalgia. In the United States, approximately 2% of the population has fibromyalgia.

For More Info :- http://www.medicinenet.com/fibromyalgia/article.htm

Sleep Disorders and Problems

2010-02-10T08:51:00.000-08:00

SYMPTOMS, STUDIES, TREATMENT, AND SELF-HELP

Sleep problems cause more than just sleepiness – a lack of quality sleep can cause accidents, affect your relationships, health, and mental prowess; and make you feel generally “disconnected” from the world. If your sleeplessness is caused by a tough deadline or a common cold, you might not have trouble getting your sleep back on track after the deadline or cold go away, but if you have trouble sleeping on a regular basis, this guide to managing common sleep problems and disorders can help you be well on your way to experiencing healthy, restorative sleep.

Everyone experiences occasional sleep problems, but getting a good night’s sleep is essential for feeling refreshed and alert during the day. Lack of sleep might make you feel foggy and unable to concentrate, or just a lesser version of your normal self. Sleep problems will eventually disrupt your work, family and personal relationships.

How do you tell if your sleepless night is an isolated occurrence or if it is related to a chronic sleep problem or disorder? Start by identifying your symptoms. Particular behaviors during the day are telltale signs of sleep deprivation. If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms on a regular basis, your sleeplessness might be part of an ongoing problem or sleep disorder.

Do you . . .

feel irritable or sleepy during the day?
have difficulty staying awake when sitting still, watching television or reading?
fall asleep or feel very tired while driving?
have difficulty concentrating?
often get told by others that you look tired?
react slowly?
have emotional outbursts?
feel like taking a nap almost every day?
require caffeinated beverages to keep yourself going?

Common types of sleep problems and sleep disorders

Insomnia

Almost everyone will be affected by insomnia at some point during life. Insomnia – a short term or chronic inability to get high quality sleep – is a common sleep problem and can be caused by a variety of things including stress, a change in time zones, an altered sleep schedule or poor bedtime habits. Whether your problem is an occasional sleepless night or a series of them, plenty of solutions exist to help you get better sleep.

Pay Attention to Insomnia

Insomnia often acts as a flashing yellow light in terms of sleep problems. Your insomnia might be a symptom of a more significant sleep problem or disorder, or a starting point for dealing with a physical, mental or emotional challenge. Your inability to go to sleep or stay asleep might be related to your partner’s snoring, your own sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, or it might be related to an urgent situation at work, or a difficult family issue. Whatever the cause of your insomnia, being mindful of your sleep habits and learning to relax will help you sleep better and feel better.

The great news is that insomnia doesn’t have to be a permanent problem. In many cases, self help techniques, including improved sleep hygiene, relaxation and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can alleviate insomnia and promote better health as well as better sleep. Helpguide has two articles devoted to a wide range of insomnia cures and self help tips for improving your sleep.

Medications should be a last resort for insomnia – they do not provide lasting treatment and have numerous possible side effects.

Sleep apnea sleep disorders

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that can be potentially very serious, and even life-threatening. In sleep apnea, your breathing stops or gets very shallow while you are sleeping. Each pause in breathing typically lasts 10 to 20 seconds or more, and the pauses can occur 20 to 30 times or more an hour. During the episodes of apnea, the sleeper wakes up to breathe again, disrupting sleep, and also suffers from a brief lack of oxygen.

Symptoms of sleep apnea include:

Frequent gaps in breathing during sleep (apnea)
Gasping or choking for air to restart breathing, often causing sleeper or partner to wake
Loud snoring
Feeling unrefreshed after a night’s sleep and excessive daytime tiredness

The most common type of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea. Causes of sleep apnea are generally physical in nature, including excess weight or tissue (sometimes from being overweight or obese), large tonsils or adenoids, nasal congestion or blockage or a unique shaped head, neck or chin.

CPAP, a mechanical device worn while sleeping which provides continuous air pressure to keep the airway open, is the most recommended treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnea. CPAP can take some getting used to, but provides effective relief when used correctly.

Self help treatments, like losing weight, elevating the head of the bed or sleeping on your side, can also be effective remedies for mild to moderate sleep apnea. Dental appliances and surgery are also treatment options.

Snoring

Snoring, which is sometimes confused with sleep apnea, can be a significant obstacle to quality sleep both for yourself and your partner.

Snoring is caused by a narrowing of your airway, either from poor sleep posture, excess weight or physical abnormalities of your throat. A narrow airway gets in the way of smooth breathing and creates the sound of snoring. The snoring noise doesn’t necessarily that the airway is obstructed, as it is in sleep apnea. Snoring may accompany sleep apnea, but not always.

There are many self help remedies and cures for snoring. If you are a mild snorer, sleeping on your side, elevating the head of your bed, or losing weight may stop the snoring. Don’t give up trying to find a solution for your snoring – it will make you and your partner sleep better.

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder causing an almost irresistible urge to move the legs (or arms). The urge to move occurs when resting or lying down and is usually due to uncomfortable, tingly, or creeping sensations in the legs or affected limbs. Movement eases the feelings, but only for a while.

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) is a related condition involving involuntary, rhythmic limb movements, either while asleep or when awake. While most people who have Restless Legs Syndrome also have PLMD, only some people with PLMD also have RLS.

RLS can occur on its own or be related to other medical conditions, such as anemia, kidney disease, pregnancy, thyroid problems, Parkinson’s or alcoholism. RLS may run in families.

Alternative therapies, lifestyle changes, and even nutritional supplements have proven helpful for RLS and PLMD sufferers.

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that causes extreme sleepiness and may even make a person fall asleep suddenly and without warning. Specific causes of narcolepsy are not known but people with narcolepsy are lacking hypocretin, a brain chemical which regulates sleep and wakefulness.

The “sleep attacks” experienced by people with narcolepsy occur even after getting enough sleep at night, and make it difficult for people to live normal lives. Falling asleep during activities like walking, driving or working can have dangerous results.

Symptoms of narcolepsy include:

Intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Sudden, short-lived loss of muscle control during emotional situations (cataplexy)

Narcolepsy may be genetic, but it also appears to be influenced by environmental triggers. Treatment requires a combination of medication, behavioral treatments, and counseling.

HORSE SHOE KIDNEY

2009-12-26T04:37:00.000-08:00

Horseshoe kidney, also known as renal fusion, is a congenital disorder affecting about 1 in 400 people^[1]. In this disorder, the patient's kidneys fuse together to form a horseshoe-shape during development in the womb.

Fusion abnormalities of the kidney can be categorized into two groups: horseshoe kidney and crossed fused ectopia. The horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly.

MARFAN SYNDROME

2009-10-27T22:35:00.000-07:00

Marfan syndrome (also called Marfan's syndrome) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.

It is sometimes inherited as a dominant trait. It is carried by a gene called FBN1, which encodes a connective protein called fibrillin-1.People have a pair of FBN1 genes. Because it is dominant, people who have inherited one affected FBN1 gene from either parent will have Marfan's. This syndrome can run from mild to severe.

People with Marfan's are typically tall, with long limbs and long thin fingers.

The most serious complications are the defects of the heart valves and aorta. It may also affect the lungs, eyes, the dural sac surrounding thespinal cord, skeleton and the hard palate.

In addition to being a connective protein that forms the structural support for tissues outside the cell, the normal fibrillin-1 protein binds to another protein, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). TGF-β has deleterious effects on vascular smooth muscle development and the integrity of the extracellular matrix. Researchers now believe that secondary to mutated fibrillin there is excessive TGF-β at the lungs, heart valves, and aorta, and this weakens the tissues and causes the features of Marfan syndrome. ^[4]Since angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) also reduce TGF-β, they have tested this by giving ARBs (losartan, etc.) to a small sample of young, severely affected Marfan syndrome patients. In some patients, the growth of the aorta was indeed reduced.

For more info,click on the given link :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfan_syndrome

ACRODYSOSTOSIS

2009-09-10T06:00:00.000-07:00

Definition

Acrodysostosis is an extremely rare disorder that is present at birth (congenital). People with this condition have problems in the bones of the hands, feet, and nose, and mental retardation.
Causes
Most patients with acrodysostosis have no family history of the disease. However, sometimes the condition is passed down from parent to child. Parents with the condition have a 1 in 2 chance of passing the disorder to their children.
There is a slightly greater risk with fathers who are older.
Symptoms
Frequent middle ear infections
Growth problems, short arms and legs
Hearing problems
Mental deficiency
Unusual looking face
Exams and Tests
A physical exam confirms this disorder.
Findings may include:
Advanced bone age
Bone deformities in hands and feet
Delays in growth
Problems with the skin, genitals, teeth, and skeleton
Short arms and legs with small hands and feet
Short head, measured front to back (brachycephaly)
Short height
Small, upturned broad nose with flat bridge
Unusual features of the face (short nose, open mouth, jaw that sticks out)
Unusual head
Wide-spaced eyes (hypertelorism), sometimes with extra skin fold at corner of eye
In the first months of life, x-rays may show spotty calcium deposits, called stippling, in bones (especially the nose). Infants may also have:
Abnormally short fingers and toes (brachydactyly)
Early growth of bones in the hands and feet
Short bones
Shortening of the forearm bones near the wrist
Treatment
Treatment depends on the physical and mental problems that occur.
Orthopedic care, early intervention, and special education are recommended.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Problems depend on the degree of skeletal involvement and mental retardation. In general, patients do relatively well.
Possible Complications
Arthritis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Worsening range of movement in the spine, elbows, and hands
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if your child seems to be growing or developing slowly or abnormally, or if you notice physical abnormalities in your infant.
Prevention
Consider genetic counseling to help with diagnosis, testing, and identifying risk.

COBB'S ANGLE

2009-09-10T05:00:00.000-07:00

Cobb's angle, a measurement used for evaluation of curves in scoliosis on an AP radiographic projection of the spine . When assessing a curve the apical vertebra is first identified; this is the most likely displaced and rotated vertebra with the least tilted end plate. The end/transitional vertebra are then identified through the curve above and below. The end vertebra are the most superior and inferior vertebra which are least displaced and rotated and have the maximally tilted end plate. A line is drawn along the superior end plate of the superior end vertebra and a second line drawn along the inferior end plate of the inferior end vertebra. If the end plates are indistinct the line may be drawn through the pedicles. The angle between these two lines (or lines drawn perpendicular to them) is measured as the Cobb angle. In S-shaped scoliosis where there are two contiguous curves the lower end vertebra of the upper curve will represent the upper end vertebra of the lower curve. Because the Cobb angle reflects curvature only in a single plane and fails to account for vertebral rotation it may not accurately demonstrate the severity of three dimensional spinal deformity. As a general rule a Cobb angle of 10 is regarded as a minimum angulation to define scoliosis.

Proud of Neuro-Pathology

2009-09-09T21:52:00.000-07:00

Dr Anshu Gupta

Associate Professor

MBBS , MD (Pathology)

O.I/C , Emergency Lab

Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences,Delhi

This article describe about the life achievement of that person who is completely dedicated for the patient care services in neuro-pathology field. A person not only hard working and sincere but helpful to the needy patients and friendly ,supportive and co-operative with her collegues . This inspired the other persons too ,who connected to the patient care services directly or indirectly.

Dr Anshu Gupta's profile:-

Dr Anshu Gupta graduated from Pt.BD Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Rohtak,India. She did her MD in Pathology from the same college. Dr Anshu Gupta joined Pt. B.D Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences as a Assistant Professor and presently giving her services as a Associate Professor and Officer In Charge of Emergency Laboratory in the Department of Neuro-pathology at Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi .Her research papers and articles published in national and international journals like Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology , Springer Journal , Indian Journal of Urology ,Wiley InterScience etc

Important Neuro-Pathology Facilities available at IHBAS:

This Institute is one of the reputed Institute of Northern India for the treatment of different types of Mental disorders e.g Epilepsy and its different types,Dementia,Alzhiemers,Cerebal Palsy,Depression ,Movement Disorders,Fits,Tremors , Brain Tumors,Mental Retardation etc. IHBAS has a facility of different Neuro-Patholoical Biological instruments like optical Microscope etc.All instruments are of international Standards for study the human tumors using Histopathology and Cytology procedures.Urine and Blood Characterization performed in Neuro-Pathology Laboratory from well trained Technicians and Consultants on a modern instruments. Beside this IHBAS has a facility of high power 3T-MRI (3 tesla=30,000 guass) which can provide the better resolution of the soft tissues than normal MRI.It is available only at few parts of Delhi.

Some of her famous published articles and research papers in leading journals:-

Giant appendicular schwannoma in a child in Indian Journal Pathology Microbiology - 52(2), april-june 2009

A case report on Acute pancreatitis: a rare cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy Volume 279, Number 4 / April, 2009 published in Springer Journal: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Obstructive anuria due to blood clot : Volume 278, Number 4 / October, 2008 published in Springer Journal : Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

A Case Report on Testicular granulosa cell tumor, adult type :Year : 2008 | Volume : 51 | Issue : 3 |Page : 405-406 published in 2008 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology

Adrenal angiomyolipoma: A rare entity Indian Journal of Urology in July-Sept 2007

A case report on Ovarian actinomycosis in absence of intrauterine contraceptive device: an unusual presentation published in Wiley Interscience in 2002:

For Queries Regarding Neuro-Pathology Imaging ,feel free to Contact from the concern Person:-

Dr Anshu Gupta

Associate Professor

MBBS , MD (Pathology)

O.I/C , Emergency Lab

IHBAS,,Delhi or in Academic Block in Room No 212

Note:

!!! Mental Illness is Treatable
!!! Contact your Physician if any side effect arise from the Medication.

PROUD OF NEUROLOGY

2009-08-16T06:59:00.000-07:00

Dr. Vibhor Pardasani

MD(Internal Medicine), D.M (Neurology)
Neurology Consultant : Seven Hills Hospital , Mumbai

Dr. Pardasani has worked as a visiting neurologist at the King's College Hospital, London, where he was actively involved in the evaluation and management of difficult-to-treat epilepsy patients. He has been the forerunner in the organisation of several public awareness programmes for common neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy and Parkinsonism.

His areas of research include functional MRI in autism, chronotypes and sleep-wakefulnesspatterns in young adults and functional stimulation in lesion-negative refractory epilepsy. He has many international and national publications to his credit. Dr. Pardasani is a member of Indian Academy of Neurology, the Neurological Society of India and the Indian Epilepsy Society.

Some of his famous published research papers in leading journals:-

(1) :Azithromycin-induced myasthenic crisis:

Reversibility with calcium gluconate in 2009 published in neurology india published in Neurology India, Year 2009, Volume 57, Issue 3 and Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

(2) :Finger Drop Following a Potassium Drop in JAPI • MAY 2009 • VOL. 57

(3):Attitude, Anxiety and Care Giver's Burden of the Relatives of ICU Patients: A Pilot Study

Published in Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists

(4):An Unusual Clinical Profile of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Published in Journal of Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2

(5): Gave his vital Lecture on EEG at AIIMS on "WORKSHOPS ON EPILEPSY AND EEG"

Note:

!!! Mental Illness is Treatable
!!! Contact your Physician if any side effect arise from the Neuro-Medication.

EXCERCISES FOR SCOLIOSIS PATIENTS:-

2009-08-14T07:16:00.000-07:00

Note : Please do this under the supervision of trained Physiotherapist

For Scoliosis excerscices Video ,please click on the given link
http://www.iscoliosis.com/video.html?reload=main&filename=exercise-legarm&videocookie=56.wmv

Neuro Workshop

2009-08-14T06:52:00.000-07:00

THIRD SERC SCHOOL IN NEUROSCIENCE
IMAGING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

ApplicaCons are invited from PhD Scholars, Post Doctoral Fellows and Young Faculty members *

Last Date : 30th September 2009!

Program On :- 7 – 21 December 2009!
Venue: IISER, Pune.!

For Course Information and Applicacation Details:-
Please visit: http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~neuroschool2009
Email: neuroschool2009@iiserpune.ac.in

Indian Institute of Science Educa5on and Research,
Central Tower, Sai Trinity Building, Garware Circle, Sutarwadi, Pashan, Pune 411021, INDIA
Tel: +91 (0)20 2590 8000

CHARACTERIZATION OF INFECTED TISSUES

2009-08-10T08:47:00.000-07:00

Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides.

Collection of tissues

Histopathological examination of tissues starts with surgery, biopsy, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body or plant, and then placed in a fixative which stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay. The most common fixative is formalin (10% formaldehyde in water).

Preparation for histology

The tissue is then prepared using histology procedures for viewing under a microscope using one of two method of fixation - chemical fixation or frozen section.

Chemical Fixation Tissue Processing

The samples are transferred to a cassette, a container designed to allow reagents to freely act on the tissue inside. This cassette is immersed in multiple baths of progressively more concentrated ethanol, to dehydrate the tissue, followed by toluene or xylene, and finally extremely hot liquid (usually paraffin). During this 12 to 16 hour process, paraffin will replace the water in the tissue, turning soft, moist tissues into a sample miscible with paraffin, a type of wax. This process is known as tissue processing.

The processed tissue is then taken out of the cassette and set in a mold. Through this process of embedding, additional paraffin is added to create a paraffin block which is attached to the outside of the cassette.

The process of embedding then allows the sectioning of tissues into very thin (2 - 7 micrometer) sections using a microtome. The microtome slices the tissue ready for microscopic examination. The slices are thinner than the average cell, and are layered on a glass slide for staining.

Frozen Section Tissue Processing

The second method of histology processing is called frozen section histology. In this method, the tissue is frozen and sliced thinly using a microtome mounted in a refrigeration device called the cryostat. The thin frozen sections are mounted on a glass slide, dried, and stained using the same staining techniques as traditional wax embedded sections. The advantages of this method is rapid processing time, less equipment requirement, and less need for ventilation in the laboratory. The disadvantage is the poor quality of the final slide. It is used less in diagnostic pathology, but more in determining margin of a tumor during surgery.

Staining of the Processed Histology Slides

This can be done to slides processed by the chemical fixation or frozen section slides. To see the tissue under a microscope, the sections are stained with one or more pigments. The aim of staining is to reveal cellular components; counterstains are used to provide contrast.
The most commonly used stain in histopathology is a combination of hematoxylin and eosin. Hematoxylin is used to stain nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm and the extracellular connective tissue matrix pink. There are hundreds of various other techniques which have been used to selectively stain cells. Other compounds used to color tissue sections include safranin, Oil Red O, congo red, silver salts and artificial dyes. Histochemistry refers to the science of using chemical reactions between laboratory chemicals and components within tissue. A commonly performed histochemical technique is the Perls Prussian Blue reaction, used to demonstrate iron deposits in diseases like Hemochromatosis.

Recently, antibodies have been used to stain particular proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Called immunohistochemistry, this technique has greatly increased the ability to specifically identify categories of cells under a microscope. Other advanced techniques include in situ hybridization to identify specific DNA or RNA molecules. These antibody staining methods often require the use of frozen section histology. Digital cameras are increasingly used to capture histopathological images.

Interpretation

The histological slides are examined under a microscope by a pathologist, a medically qualified specialist. This medical diagnosis is formulated as a pathology report describing the histological findings and the opinion of the pathologist. In the case of cancer, this represents the tissue diagnosis required for most treatment protocols.

For Human infected tissue Specimen Characterization, you can contact to:-Through Proper Channel:---

Dr Anshu Gupta
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
IHBAS,Delhi

ULTRASONOGRAPHY TRAINING

2009-07-18T23:16:00.000-07:00

The institute of Ultrasound Training runs a various short term courses on Sonography for the medical professionals in affliation with Jefferson Ultrasound Research and Education Institute,Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA WWW.JEFFERSON.EDU/JUREI

Institute Address:-
DR. RANDHAWA'S ULTRASOUND TRANING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Head Office:7/1, Prem Nagar, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
Ph: 91-11-25598680, 91-1125598224Cell: +919891085080, +919871869828E-mail: iout364@yahoo.com
Web Sites: http://www.instituteofultrasoundtraning.com/
http://www.ultrasound.net.in/
For Further Details:e-mail: Ms. Aashi Singh at iout364@yahoo.com

MY VISITING CARD

2009-07-11T08:13:00.002-07:00

if any one have any neurological problem,feel free to take advice!!!!

STIMULATING ELECTRODES IN NEURAL TREATMENT

2009-06-04T22:09:00.000-07:00

Novel micro array of microelectrodes will open a new window for understanding the mechanism of neural network activity, functions, and pathways of control and can be a useful tool for treatment of neural disorders, such as tremor, epilepsy, schizophrenia, anorexia, depression, chronic pain, dystonia, movement disorders and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, unlike the commercially available microelectrode of deep brain stimulation. These array provides fine stimulation with high resolution without side effects and uncontrolled electrical fields distributions.

For More Info,click on the given link :-

http://nano-biosensors.com/?cid=7&pid=scientific

Scorpion Venom Plus Nanoparticles Fight Brain Cancer

2009-06-04T21:47:00.000-07:00

Compounds inside scorpion venom have come under intense scientific scrutiny over the years, since it was discovered that certain combinations had the ability to stop the spread of brain-cancer tumors. By combining this knowledge with recent advancements in nanoparticle technologies, researchers at the University of Washington (UW) have created a substance that is able to fight the spread of tumors with a 98-percent efficiency, as opposed to the 45 percent registered when using venom alone.

The active ingredient inside the venom is a small peptide known as chlorotoxin, which has been in use for quite some time now. It acts by binding with certain proteins, known as MMP-2, that are over-expressed by tumors, and annihilates the cancer's ability to spread. When chlorotoxin and MMP-2 bind, they are both sucked in the cancerous cell and, deprived of it's external “agent,” the tumor cannot grow.

For More Info,Click on the given links:-

http://web.singnet.com.sg/~chuaeecc/venom/venomcompo.htm

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090416133816.htm

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/science/sciencenews/3352716/Radioactive-scorpion-venom-could-be-used-to-fight-brain-cancer.html

Nanoparticles illuminate brain tumors for days under MRI

2009-06-04T20:59:00.000-07:00

A research team is demonstrating some of the world's first clinical applications for nanometer-size particles in the brain. The scientists have shown that an iron oxide nanoparticle as small as a virus can outline not only brain tumors under magnetic resonance imaging, but also other lesions in the brain that may otherwise have gone unnoticed, according to a study published in the journal Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology.From the Oregon Health & Science University :Nanoparticles illuminate brain tumors for days under MRI.

MOVEMENT DISORDER TREATMENT

2009-06-03T20:00:00.000-07:00

Botulinum Toxin Injections which are used for the treatment of Movement disorder are available at Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences , Delhi . IHBAS is one of the reputed Institutes in Northern India which deals in the treatment of various neurological/Psychiatric/Psychological disorders.It having well qualified medical and paramedical professionals who are fully dedicated in the patient care services . Beside this, it have the facility of High Tech Instruments in Neuro-Electrophysiology Lab for the early detection of Epileptiform Discharges /Seizure Activity,Nerve Disorders and Apnea/Snooring Disorders.

Any needy person who is affected from movement disorder can approach to IHBAS,Delhi for intake the facility of Botulinum Toxin Injection (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin)

Feel free to contact from the concern person for Botulinum Toxin injections:-

Dr Suman Kushawaha

M.D,D.M(Neurology)

Associate Professor

IHBAS,Delhi,India

Speciality : Treating differnt Neurological Disorders eg Epilepsy etc

OPD Schedules at IHBAS : Monday,Thursday,Friday at Room No:18

Official Sitting :Room No-112,1st Floor,Academic Block,IHBAS,Delhi

Email : sumankushwaha@gmail.com

url :http://ihbas.delhigovt.nic.in/

NOTE :

!!MENTAL ILLNESS ARE TREATABLE!!

!!Intimate your Physician if any side effect arise from Prescribed Medicines !!

M.Tech(Nano) Interaction Programme 2009 in Jamia Miilia Islamia

2009-05-25T08:12:00.000-07:00

Prof Mushahid Hussain

Co-ordinator, M.Tech(Nanotechnology) Prog'm

Dept of Physics,Jamia Millia Islamia,Delhi

http://www.jmi.nic.in/Fnat/mush_ph.htm

Sucessfully Done M.Tech (Nano) Projects Interaction Programme 2009

Date : 23 May 2009

Venue : Seminar Hall ,Dept of Physics, J.M.I

Timings : 9.30 AM to 2.00 PM

Organiser : Prof Mushahid Hussain

Masters of Technology was started in Department of Physics,Jamia Millia Islamia in 2007 and successfully continue till now.Now Final Year students of the 2007 Batch of this course is ready to get job/to do reasearch after specialized in this field.For this , the co-ordinator of M.Tech(Nanotechnology) organized a Interaction programme between the final Year and Previous Year students on 23 May .Beside this various scientist are also invited from NPL and DRDO who gave their lectures on different R&D activities carried out in the field of Nanotechnology.

Participating Delegates:-

From Jamia Milllia Islamia:-

Prof Syed Sajjad Mehndi (HoD,Dept of Physics)

Prof Mushahid Hussain (Co-ordinator-M.Tech(Nano) programme

Prof Mohd Abdul Wahab

Prof Mohd Zulfiqar Zulfiqar

Prof Ayub Khan,D.U (Guest faculty in JMI)

Dr Saeeduddin

Dr Azher Majid Siddique

Phd Scholors of JMI

M.Tech (Nano) Sudents of First and Second Year.

Participating scientist of DRDO and NPL:

Prof Krishnan Lal (Emiretus Scientist) ,Former Director NPL

Dr Harsh ,SSPL,DRDO

Dr R.P Pant ,NPL

Dr M.N.Kamalasanan

Dr T.D Senguttuvan

Dr Sanjay Srivastava

TOPICS COVERED :-

Synthesize and characteization of CNT and its Modelling and Simulation,

Synthesize and Characterization of Zno Nanoparticles,

Nanomagnetic Materials and its Applications,

X-Ray Diffraction,Organic LEDs ,

NanoCeramics and its applictions ,

Silcon Nanowires,Purification Of CNT's

DRDO Provides Good News for Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

2009-05-21T09:21:00.000-07:00

A new breakthrough by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
may finally provide them some relief from the serious side effects of ionising radiation that's given to them during the treatment process. The DRDO has developed a herbal substitute for the "only effective'' but toxic chemical radio protector, given to patients to minimise the harmful side effect of ionising radiations. The herbal radio protector is developed from two plants found in the Himalayan region. Following the encouraging pre-clinical trial results in animals, DRDO is all set to conduct human trials. "The herbal radio protector has no side effects and is found to give 100% protection against harmful side effects of ionising radiation. The only chemical radio protector available in the world is highly toxic. If human trials are successful, then it will replace the chemical radio protector. DRDO got the approval from Drug Controller General of India for human trials two months ago . The human trials will be conducted on cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Army Research and Referral Hospital and All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS). DRDO's main aim is to develop a herbal radio protector that can be given to ionising radiation victims in case of a nuclear war or accidental exposure. "In case of a nuclear attack or accidental radiation exposure, the rescue team can be given herbal radio protector to prevent them from radiations. The damages can be minimized in victims post-exposure. In animal trials, we have seen that it can protect up to 6 gray,'' Beside this ,ionising radiation exposure during one radiotherapy session is 2 gray. source of the herbal radio protector are two herbal plants---Podophyllum .The two plants Hexandrum and Hippophae rhamnoides are found in the Himalayan region and are said to be rich source of anti-oxidants. "During radiotherapy a lot of free radicals are formed in the body which can have damaging effect on other body parts. The herbal radio protector will release anti-oxidants and remove free radicals thereby reducing oxidative stress.

DRDO has been working on the project for the past five years and has successfully conducted all the safety, efficacy and dose calculation trials. It has spent close to Rs 80 lakh on the project.

NEURO-PROUD

2009-05-07T05:49:00.000-07:00

Dr Kiran Bala Narula
M.D, DM (Neurology)
Addl Professor & HoD Neurology, IHBAS, Delhi

Dr Kiran Bala is one of the dedicated Neurologist in the field of Patient Care Services dealing with Neurological Disorder diagonosis Like Various Epileptic Disorders,Cerebal palsy,Dementia and Alzheimers ,Multiple Scelerosis,Meningitis,Neurofibroma,Menigogocelle ,Mental Retardation ,Headache,Strokes ,Nerve/Muscles fibres problem which associated with the neurological problems etc.She got the Diploma of National Board in Neurology in 1996 and Become DM in this field in 1998.Since she was continue to give her services as a Assistant Professor to till now in IHBAS.She also connected with different NGO's who working in the Health Care Sector and Social Cause Like Janki Foundation,Brahma Kumari etc.Beside this , she is a member of various Neurological Association like DNA,Neurlogy India,INA ,WHO etc. Her Research Papers,Posters Presentations , Articles regarding Neuro Disorders published in various National and International journals.

Presently she giving her services as a HoD and Additional Professor in Neurology Department of Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences,Dilshad Garden Delhi.IHBAS is a premier reputed Institute of Northern India dealing with different Neuro ,Psychitaric and Psychological problems. Now Neuro Surgery Also start in this Institute which having high tech Operation Theatres with Miniaturized instruments required for the surgery.Institute is well equipped with different Clinical Labs like Neuro-Electrophysiology Lab,Neuro-Pharmacology lab,Neuro-Bio Chemistry lab , Neuro Pathology Lab ,Neuro Radiology lab with Good quality X-Rays and Ultrasonography and Color Doppler etc .These labs having high tech microscopes for the characteization of Blood , Urine ,Stool and Cough/Saliva Samples and Instruments for sensing the Epileptiform Discharges .Beside this Institue is well Equipped with high power 3 Tesla MRI whcih give the better contrast of Soft Tissues than any other MRI . This high power MRI facility available at only few places in Delhi.It created around 30,000 guass magnetic field which is more than earth Magnetic Field and resulting in the enhance contrast

Some of her achievements/published Research Papers regarding Neuro-Diagonosis listed Below:-

Quackery Masquerading as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Patients With Epilepsy

Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer diseaseAlzheimer's and Dementia

Post-traumatic dissecting aneurysms of bilateral cervical carotid arteries with delayed complications

LENNOX GASTAUT SYNDROME

2009-05-07T04:41:00.000-07:00

The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is very serious but uncommon.

Three basic features define it:

Generalized seizures of more than one type, which are difficult to control .Slowness of intellectual growth and associated personality difficulties .A specific EEG abnormality called a slow spike-and-wave pattern, found when the child is awake, and generalized fast rhythms during sleep

Who gets it?

The seizures usually begin in children between 2 and 6 years of age, but they can start a little earlier or later. Many of the children who develop Lennox-Gastaut syndrome have a pre-existing brain disorder or injury. About one-third previously had infantile spasms with an underlying brain disorder (also known as symptomatic West syndrome).

More About L.G.Syndrome:-

Three kinds of seizures that usually occur in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome are tonic, atonic (also known as akinetic), and atypical absence seizures. Tonic seizures tend to be the most common seizure type and are especially frequent when the child sleeps. Some children also have other types, such as myoclonic, partial or tonic-clonic seizures. Because "drop attacks" (atonic or tonic seizures) in which the child falls suddenly are common, many of these children need a helmet and facemask to prevent injury.

A few children do well, but most (75-95%) with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome have intellectual impairment that ranges from mild to severe.

Behavioral problems are also common. They probably have several causes:

the brain injury
frequent seizures
lack of normal social stimulation
side effects from seizure medicines

Status epilepticus (a state of continuous seizure activity) affects about 90% of those with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It is very important to recognize and treat it. A long convulsive seizure is usually easy to recognize. But children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome most often have non-convulsive status epilepticus, which can be very difficult to recognize. The child may be described as confused, irritable, tired, or apathetic. Parents and teachers often think that the child is ill, experiencing side effects from medicine, or just lonely and bored.

How is it treated?

Medications that are useful for controlling the seizures of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome include:

Depakote (valproate)
Frisium (clobazam, not available in the US)
Topamax (topiramate)
Lamictal (lamotrigine)
Felbatol (felbamate) is also effective and often can improve behavior and quality of life, but it has a high risk of life-threatening blood or liver disorders and must be used carefully.

Sabril (vigabatrin) also has been used, but it can cause significant visual defects. It is not approved in the United States but is available in many other countries, including Canada, the UK, and Australia.

If high doses of seizure medicines are used to try to control frequent seizures, behavioral, social, and intellectual problems may worsen. This effect is especially likely if more than one medicine is used at the same time. Sometimes it's better to accept slightly more frequent seizures if it allows the child to be more alert and attentive, with a much better quality of life.

The ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), or a type of surgery called a corpus callosotomy can be helpful treatments for some patients. The ketogenic diet and the VNS have much lower risks, so patients generally try these approaches before considering callosotomy.

What's the outlook?

The course of the seizures varies greatly. Some children have fairly good seizure control later in life. Others grow up to have severe tonic seizures or drop attacks, and some develop partial and tonic-clonic seizures.

Children whose seizures come under fair to good control may have intellectual and behavioral development that approaches normal, but those with frequent seizures who are given high doses of more than one drug may be severely delayed. Both the child and the family often need support from a multidisciplinary medical and psychosocial team.

This syndrome usually continues through adulthood. Many affected people need to live in a residential (adult foster care) group home when their parents are no longer able to care for them.

P.G DIPLOMA NANO D.U

2009-04-07T00:29:00.000-07:00

New Programme of P.G Diploma in Nanotechnology start in Delhi Univerity which is funded by U.G.C

Programme Name : P.G Diploma in Nanotechnology
Duration : One Year
Programme Fee : Approx 10,000 Rs including study material
Entry : Through Comptetitive Exam (Limited Seats)
Eligibilty : Graduates in Science
Prog Major Focus : To motivate the students for the research in this field
Study Location : Maytri College,Chankya puri,Delhi Universirty

Note : Previously this college arrange short term courses in
the field of nanotechnology

CereBroSpino Fluid (CSF) Test

2009-04-03T05:37:00.000-07:00

Definition

A CSF glucose test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that flows in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain.

How the Test is Performed
The health care provider will place a needle into the lower spinal area and take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. This is called a spinal tap or lumbar puncture. The entire procedure takes about 20 minutes. For detailed information, see the article on lumbar puncture.

The fluid is sent to a lab, where it is examined under a microscope.

How the Test Will Feel
Under experienced hands there should not be any pain. You may feel pressure when the needle is inserted. Occasionally, some people may feel numbness shooting down the leg. This may be due to irritation of a nerve root.

Following the procedure, you will be asked to remain lying down for a while to prevent headaches associated with spinal taps.

Why the Test is Performed
This test may be done to diagnose tumors, infections, inflammation of the central nervous system, delirium, and other neurological and medical conditions.

Normal Results
The glucose levels should be between 50 to 80 mg/100 mL. Levels may vary slightly depending on the amount of glucose in the blood. However, the level in the CSF should be about two-thirds the level in the blood.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results include increased and decreased glucose levels. Abnormal results may be due to:

Infection (bacterial or fungus)
Inflammation of the central nervous system
Tumor
Risks
Risks of lumbar puncture include:

Allegic reaction to the anesthetic
Discomfort during the test
Headache after the test
Bleeding into the spinal canal
Infection
Brain herniation may occur if a lumbar puncture is done on a person with a mass in the brain (such as a tumor or abscess). This can result in brain damage or death. A lumbar puncture is not done if an exam or other tests show signs of a tumor or abscess.

Some persons have temporary leg numbness or tingling due to irritation of a nerve root by the needle

Epilepsy and its diaganosis

2009-03-28T09:06:00.000-07:00

Epilepsy :-

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness.
Epilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.
Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.

Anti-Epileptic Medicine:-

Frisium (clobazam) belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines (BEN-zo-di-AZ-ah-peens). Frisium is effective against all seizure types, although tolerance (lessening of the effect from the same dose) may limit its long-term usefulness for some patients.
It is used mainly as an add-on (adjunctive) medication for primary generalized and partial seizure disorders but it also can be effective when used alone.
In addition, it is used intermittently to treat seizures associated with the menstrual cycle

SEDATIVES

2009-03-08T03:59:00.000-07:00

A sedative is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
At higher doses it may result in slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Doses of sedatives such as benzodiazepines when used as a hypnotic to induce sleep tend to be higher than those used to relieve anxiety where as only low doses are needed to provide calming sedative effects.
Sedatives can be abused to produce an overly-calming effect (alcohol being the classic and most common sedating drug). At high doses or when they are abused, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and even death

Types of sedatives:-

Barbiturates
amobarbital (Amytal)
pentobarbital (Nembutal)
secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbitol (Luminal)

Benzodiazepines ("minor tranquilizers")
clonazepam (Klonopin)
diazepam (Valium)
estazolam (Prosom)
flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
lorazepam (Ativan)
midazolam (Versed)
nitrazepam (Mogadon)
oxazepam (Serax)
triazolam (Halcion)
temazepam (Restoril, Normison, Planum, Tenox, and Temaze)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
alprazolam (Xanax)

Herbal sedatives
ashwagandha
catnip
kava (Piper methysticum)
mandrake[citation needed]
cannabis
valerian

Solvent sedatives
chloral hydrate (Noctec)
diethyl ether (Ether)
ethyl alcohol (alcoholic beverage)
methyl trichloride (Chloroform)

Nonbenzodiazepine sedatives
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
zaleplon (Sonata)
zolpidem (Ambien)
zopiclone (Imovane, Zimovane)

Uncategorized Sedatives
carisoprodol (Soma)
clomethiazole (clomethiazole)
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Thalidomide
ethchlorvynol (Placidyl)
glutethimide (Doriden)
ketamine (Ketalar, Ketaset)
methaqualone (Sopor, Quaalude)
methyprylon (Noludar)
ramelteon (Rozerem)

LORAZEPAM--SEDATIVE FOR PATIENTS

2009-03-08T03:46:00.000-07:00

Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant.It is a powerful anxiolytic and since its introduction in 1971, lorazepam's principal use has been in treating the symptom of anxiety. It is a unique benzodiazepine insofar as it has also found use as an adjunct antiemetic in chemotherapy. Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam has a relatively high addictive potential.

Mostly used to sedatae the Neuro-Epileptic Patients

GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

2009-03-07T11:34:00.000-08:00

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.In insect species GABA acts only on excitatory nerve receptors.
While technically an amino acid, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term "amino acid," used without a qualifier, refers to the alpha amino acids, which GABA is not, nor is it incorporated into proteins.
In spastic diplegia in humans, GABA absorption by some nerves becomes damaged, which leads to hypertonia of the muscles signaled by those nerves.

The GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. There are three classes of GABA receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAС. jea
GABAA and GABAС receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors), whereas GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (also known as metabotropic receptors).

ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUG

2009-03-07T11:24:00.000-08:00

Eptoin 100 is Phenytoin sodium is an antiepileptic drug. Phenytoin sodium is related to the barbiturates in chemical structure, but has a five-membered ring. The chemical name is sodium 5,5-diphenyl-2, 4-imidazolidinedione.

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:-

Headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, or nervousness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Phenytoin may cause swelling and bleeding of the gums. Massage your gums and brush and floss your teeth regularly to minimize this problem.

VALPROIC ACID FOR MOOD FRESHNER

2009-03-06T08:38:00.000-08:00

VALPROIC ACID:

Valproic acid (VPA) is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and less commonly major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia.

ROLE IN PHARMACOLOGY:-

Valproate is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA (as a GABA transaminase inhibitor) in the human brain, making it an alternative to lithium salts in treatment of bipolar disorder.In addition to blocking transamination of GABA, Valproate is believed to reverse the transamination process to form more GABA. However, several other mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders have been proposed for valproic acid in recent years..
Valproic acid also blocks the voltage-gated sodium channels and T-type Calcium channels.These mechanisms make Valproic Acid a Broad Spectrum Anticonvulsant drug.
Valproic acid is an inhibitor of the enzyme histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) hence it is a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

Why in Neuro:-

As an anticonvulsant, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It is also used in treatment of myoclonus. In some countries, parenteral (administered intravenously) preparations of valproate are used also as second-line treatment of status epilepticus, as an alternative to phenytoin. Valproate is one of the most common drugs used to treat post-traumatic epilepsy.

ContraIndications:-

Valproate is relatively contraindicated in pregnancy due to its teratogenicity; women who become pregnant while taking valproate should be counselled as to its risks, take high dose folic acid and be offered antenatal screening (alpha-fetoprotein and second trimester ultrasound scans).It is a known folate antagonist, which can cause neural tube defects. Thus, folic acid supplements may alleviate the teratogenic problems. A recent study showed that children of mothers taking valproate during pregnancy are at risk for significantly lower IQs. Exposure of the human embryo to valproic acid is also associated with risk of autism, and it is possible to duplicate features characteristic of autism by exposing rat embryos to valproic acid at the time of neural tube closure. One study found that valproate exposure on embryonic day 11.5 led to significant local recurrent connectivity in the juvenile rat neocortex, consistent with the underconnectivity theory of autism.
Valproate is contraindicated in overweight patients because it might cause weight gain.[citation needed]

Common Side Effects:-

Common side effects are dyspepsia and/or weight gain. Less common are fatigue, peripheral edema, acne, dizziness, drowsiness, hair loss, headaches, nausea, sedation and tremors. Valproic acid also causes hyperammonemia, which can lead to brain damage.Valproate levels within the normal range are capable of causing hyperammonemia and ensuing encephalopathy. There have been reports of brain encephalopathy developing without hyperammonemia or elevated valproate levels

Nano Particles for Killing Tumers and Cancer particles

2009-03-05T10:32:00.000-08:00

Small is promising when it comes to illuminating tiny tumors or precisely delivering drugs, but many worry about the safety of nano-scale materials. Now a team of scientists has created minuscule flakes of silicon that glow brightly, last long enough to slowly release cancer drugs, then break down into harmless by-products.

"It is the first luminescent nanoparticle that was purposely designed to minimize toxic side effects," said Michael Sailor, a chemistry professor at the University of California, San Diego who led the study.
Many nanoparticles tested in research labs are too poisonous for use in humans.
"This new design meets a growing need for non-toxic alternatives that have a chance to make it into the clinic to treat human patients," Sailor said.
The particles inherently glow, a useful property that is most commonly achieved by including toxic organic chemicals or tiny structures called quantum dots, which can leave potentially harmful heavy metals in their wake.
When the researchers tested their safer nanoparticles in mice, they saw tumors glow for several hours, then dim as the particles broke down.

This is the first sudy to image tumors and organs using biodegradable silicon nanoparticles in live animals.The particles begin as thin wafers made porous with an electrical current then smashed to bits with ultrasound. Additional treatment alters the physical structure of the flakes to make them glow red when illuminated with ultraviolet light.
Luminescent particles can reveal tumors too tiny to detect by other means or allow a surgeon to be sure all of a cancerous growth has been removed.
These nanoparticles could also help deliver drugs safely, the researchers report. The cancer drug doxorubicin will stick to the pores and slowly escape as the silicon dissolves.
"The goal is to use the nanoparticles to chaperone the drug directly to the tumor, to release it into the tumor rather than other parts of the body," Sailor said.
Targeted delivery would allow doctors to use smaller doses of the drug. At doses high enough to be effective, when delivered to the whole body, doxorubicin often has toxic side effects.
At about 100 nanometers, these particles are bigger than many designed to deliver drugs, which can be just a few nanometers across – a thousand times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.
Their larger size contributes to both their effectiveness and their safety. Large particles can hold more of a drug. Yet they self-destruct, and the remnants can be filtered away by the kidneys.
Close examination of vulnerable organs like liver, spleen and kidney, which help to remove toxins, revealed no lasting changes in mice treated with the new nanoparticles.

A PROUD OF NEUROLOGY

2009-02-22T02:01:00.000-08:00

Prof.Sunil Pradhan

MD,DM(Neuro),FAMS

Former M.S (IHBAS)

Head,Department of Neurology,IHBAS

This article describe about the life achievement of that person who is completely dedicated for the patient care services in neurological field. A person not only hard working and sincere but helpful to needy patients. This inspired the other persons too which connected to the patient care services directly or indirectly . Prof. Sunil Pradhan is one of the famous Neurologist in India and presently giving his services at IHBAS,Delhi which is one of the reputed Institute of Northern India for the treatment of different types of Mental disorders e.g Epilepsy,Seizures,Dementia,Alzhiemers,Depression etc.Let us know about the Prof. Pradhan’s work and contribution in the field of neurology in detail:-

Dr Pradhan was born in 1957 in Najibabad ,Bijnaur,U.P. After initial schooling , he graduated from King George's Medical College, Lucknow, in 1979. Did post‑graduation in Internal Medicine in 1983 and DM in Neurology in 1986. After spending some time at Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore; and The Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, he joined as a faculty the Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, in 1989, where he worked at different faculty positions .In 2007, he joined IHBAS as a Head of Neurology Department and then become a Medical Superintendent of IHBAS in 2008. As a M.S, he did a lot of work in this institute like covering the shelters for the patient to safe them from cold , Install the Banners and Holdings at different locations in this institute for aware the patients and their relatives about the facility and diagonosis of the Neurological treatment. Also one of his major achievements in this institute is the opening of New Electrophysiology Lab which having latest neuro-testing equipments like Biologic 32 Channels Polysomnography Machine which can be extended upto 64 channels , Nicolet 32 Channels digital Portable EEG Machine , Key-Point EMG Machine.This New EPS Lab is of international standards and wooden polish in the lab improve its beuty .All faculty staff of this Institute appreciates for his unique work done in this institute.His name also nominated for the post of Director,IHBAS in 2008 for his hard work and sincerity about his work.Still he is working as a Head and Professor in the Department of Neurlogy,IHBAS and give his important contribution for the treatment of various mental disorders and progress of this Institute.

SOME IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMNETS:-

Dr Pradhan has achieved a unique distinction among the physicians by virtue of describing two new clinical signs in medical literature, one in Duchenne and another in facioscapulohumeral (FSHD) muscular dystrophy.

Dr Pradhan has invented two new electrophysiological techniques. The first to study non‑invasively the intercostal nerves, as there was no technique to study the trunkal nerves. The technique got worldwide recognition with its inclusion as `Pradhan's method' in a textbook published from USA.

Pradhan also elucidated the mechanisms of neurophysiological F‑response generation in health and disease and discovered a new phenomenon of F‑response multiplicity, presence of which was always indicative of lower motor neuron disorder.

Pradhan's work on epilepsy has suggested that the presence of gliosis around a lesion makes the person prone to chronic epileptogenesis with poor seizure outcome. He found that a subset of patients with neurocysticercosis develop perilesional gliosis and show relative drug resistance during anti‑epileptic drug (AED) therapy with a very high rate of seizure recurrence on stopping the treatment. He also described for the first time tickling seizures and micturition induced reflex epilepsy.

Pradhan's novel observation that Japanese‑B encephalitis (JE) virus may sometimes produce lesions selectively in the substantia nigra, has provided clue to the possible role of viruses in the genesis of early‑onset of Parkinson's disease..

Pradhan has also described the diagnostic MRI features of Hirayama type monomelic amyotrophy (in 1997) and this remains so far the only objective method to diagnose this otherwise purely clinical entity. He also described MRI and other features of acute endosulfan poisoning and based on striking similarities with the MRI features of Huntington's disease (lesions of which have high lactate contents), proposed blockade of mitochondrial energy metabolism as a neurotoxic mechanism. He also has another novel observation to his credit, i.e. the description of sheathing of retinal vessels in Tuberous Sclerosis.

SOME AWARDS/HONOURS/PRIZES
Ø ICMR Award for the discovery of a new clinical sign and a new electrophysiological technique in 1994 and 1996 respectively.
Ø Two awards from Indian Academy of Pediatrics, in 1995 and 1996.
Ø Shakuntala Amir Chand Prizes for Clinical Neurophysiology,ICMR,1996
Ø Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Medical Sciences, for the year 2002.
Ø BC Roy award would be felicitated by the IMA, Lucknow in 2003 0n Doctors Day
Ø Invited twice by Oxford Muscle Symposium, UK, in 1999 and 2002, to present his clinical signs
Ø Invited by Tokyo Women's University, Japan, in 2002, to talk on his research work on Japanese Encephalitis.

LIST OF SOME PUBLISHED RESARCH PAPERS:-

Ø Cervical dural sac and spinal cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity.
Ø Diamond on quadriceps: A frequent sign in dysferlinopathy
Ø Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging in Patients with Posttraumatic Epilepsy
Ø Seizures and epilepsy in central nervous system Infections in neurology asia 2004
Ø Development of anaplastic ependymoma in Rasmussen’s encephalitis: review of the literature and case report in child nervous system,2006
Ø Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis in HIV-seronegative patients ...Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 101, Issue 1, Pages 25-33, January 2007
Ø Central pontine myelinolysis following ‘slow’ correction of hyponatremia Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery ,November 1995 (Vol. 97, Issue 4, Pages 340-343)
Ø "Tissue Parametric Quantitation in Focal Epilepsy," Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, August, 2002.
Ø Valley sign in Becker muscular dystrophy and outliers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Ø What triggers seizures in neurocysticercosis? A MRI-based study in pig farming community from a district of North India in 2007
Ø Intermittent symptoms in neurocysticercosis: could they be epileptic?neurologica asia 2003
Ø Invasive aspergillosis of the brain: Improvement with lyposomal amphoterecin B and itraconazole in neurology India,2007
Ø Calf-Head Sign in Miyoshi Myopathy in archieves of neurology , 2006

TROPICON 2009

2009-02-19T10:50:00.000-08:00

National Conference on Tropical Neurology ‘TROPICON 2009’ which is scheduled to take place in Chandigarh, the City Beautiful on 18th & 19th April, 2009.

SUGGESTED TOPICS

INFECTIOUS DISEASES
· Chikungunya
· HIV
· Japanese Encephalitis
· Dengue
· Rabies
· Cerebral malaria
· Tuberculoma
· Acute febrile encephalopathy
· Status epilepticus in CNS infections
· Radiology of CNS infections

ACUTE DEMYELINATING DISORDERS
TOXIN INDUCED NEUROPATHY
NUTRITIONAL NEUROPATHY
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES: INDIAN SCENARIO
STROKE IN YOUNG REVISITED
HEADACHE: Ophthalmoplegic Migraine

For more details about it,please log on to :-
http://pgimer.nic.in/code/Tropicon/faculty.htm

NEURO EVENTS 2009

2009-02-19T10:32:00.000-08:00

International workshop on Nerve Muscle Disorders ? February 20-22, 2009 at GB Pant Hospital New Delhi. Contact ? Organizing secretary Dr. Vinod Puri, internationalworkshop@gmail.com

The fourth National Congress of Indian Stroke Association will be held in Hotel Taj Krishna, Banjara Hills, and Hyderabad on March 14-15, 2009. For further details contact Dr. Subhash Kaul, Organizing Secretary. Email: Subashkaul@hotmail.com Mobile: 9848043329

Asian and Oceanian Congress of clinical Neurophysiology 2009, April 15-18, 2009 Sheraton Grande Walkerhill, Seoul, Korea. Website (http://www.aoccn2009.com/).

TROPICON 2009?, National Conference on Tropical Neurology will be held at PGIMER, Chandigarh on 18th & 19th April, 2009 under the aegis of Indian Academy of Neurology ?Tropical Subsection. For details, contact Dr. Manish Modi, Organizing Secretary. Email: tropicon2009@gmail.com, modipgi@gmail.com or logon pgimer.nic.in or call 09914998811 (M), 0172-2756691 (O)

IANCON 2009: The 17th Annual Conference of the Indian Academy of Neurology, September 11-13, 2009. At LE MERIDIEN, COCHIN, INDIA, Contact ? Dr. Mathew Abraham, Organizing Secretary, Email: iancon2009@gmail.com, Website ? http://www.ianindia.com/, http://www.iancon2009.com/

19th World Congress of Neurology, October, 24-30, 2009, at International Trade & Exhibition Centre, Bangkok, Thailand. Contact- Niphon Poungvarin, MD., FRCP. Congress President, WCN 2009. E-mail: wcn2009.scientific@congrex.com. Website: http://www.wcn2009bangkok.com/

Rajiv Gandhi Education City in Sonepat

2009-01-22T09:16:00.000-08:00

Haryana Government has set up Rajiv Gandhi Education City in Sonepat City.Haryana Govt had been offered for institutes of international repute, reputed institutions and private universities over an area of 60 to 180 acres. On the other ten sites, the institutes which had been offered to set up their institutions over an area of 3 to 25 acres each included national institutes such as IIMs, IITs, NIFTs, Central Universities, National Law School and Institutions, Research Organisations, Institutions run by Organisations, Educational Societies and Trusts having track record of over ten years and Institutes of higher education run by business houses having annual turnover of Rs 5000 crore provided they are run on no-profit-no loss basis.

Haryana Govt officials said that type of courses offered by these institutions would be Nano Technology and Defence Research, Bio Medical Engineering and Medical Robotics,Avionics, Environmental Sciences, , Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Cutting-Edge engineering and Technologies, Management and Finance, Textile Technology, Biotechnology, , Art and Cultural Studies, Habitat Studies, Film and Media Studies, Pure Sciences and Fashion Technologies.

It means that number of opportunities will be given by the Haryana govt to the job seeker in the field of Nanotechnology too either in teaching or research-----So get in touch with this news and wait for the vaccant jobs notification publshed by Haryana Govt for recuritment of staff this year*------

BiCMOS

2009-01-06T08:09:00.000-08:00

(BIpolarCMOS) A type of integrated circuit that uses both bipolar and CMOS technologies. The logic gates are primarily made of CMOS, but their output stages use bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Bipolar transistors consume more current (and therefore dissipate more power), but which switch faster.

For more information,please click on the given links:-
www.discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/discipline/eee/agupta/advanced-vlsi/course%20material/12BiCMOS%20Technology.ppt
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiCMOS
www.standardics.nxp.com/support/documents/logic/pdf/families.bicmos.features.pdf
www.larc.ee.nthu.edu.tw/~tyc/EE3230_2007/slide/TTL10.ppt

Nanotechnology and Dental

2009-01-05T09:03:00.000-08:00

Jamia Millia Islamia is planning to set up its own dental college from the next academic session. As per the Dental Council of India (DCI), if any varsity wants to open a dental college, it must sign an MoU with a government hospital within a 10-km radius, or have a 100-bedded hospital facility of its own.
Course coordinator of the Faculty of Dentistry Professor Arif Ali said the university is signing an MOU with ESI Hospital, which is located three kilometres away. The CPWD has assured that by August, 42,000 square metres will be ready for the college. The university will be ready for the DCI inspection . The college, which is being designed by renowned architect, Romi Khosla, will be built by the CPWD on an area of 1.25 lac sq metres.
The six winged six floor buildings, which will be built at an estimated cost of Rs 45 crore, will be equipped with at least 24 dental chairs imported from Brazil. Once operational, the college will offer a four-year Bachelors in Dental Sciences with an intake of 50 students. http://www.jamia.nic.in/

An Application of Nanotechnology in Advanced Dental Materials :-

Researchers have investigated the potential for nanotechnology to improve the durability of dental fillings. Dental fillings are used to repair the damage caused by tooth decay. The decayed portion of the tooth is removed and the remaining hole is filled with the restoration material. However, these fillings do not last a lifetime. They may crack or loosen, and additional decay may develop in the surround tooth. Among the most common restorative materials is composite resin. Composite resin is composed of glass or quartz fillers and an acrylic plastic material. A decay-fighting additive is included in many composites. The additive releases a steady supply of calcium and phosphate ions, which strengthen the surrounding tooth and help prevent further decay. However, these additives are structurally weak, and their addition to the composite mix weakens the filling as a whole. Some Researchers developed new forms of the decay-fighting additive that are 20 times smaller than the additive currently in use. Due to their smaller size, far fewer of these nanoparticles are required than their predecessors for the same effect. This allows more room for the stronger materials in the composites, resulting in a composite material that is stronger, overall. According to the Paffenbarger scientists, these newly developed nanocomposites may be nearly twice as strong as the variety currently available to dentists.

For more informations,please click on the below given link:-
www.ecmjournal.org/journal/supplements/vol010supp01/pdf/vol010supp01a19.pdf
www.science.cmu.ac.th/journal-science/323_FabricationDentalPorcelain.pdf
www.mseg.udel.edu/images/projects/Pochan/NanoComposite/Hule_Proof.pdf
www.mans.edu.eg/pcvs/11000/5.pdf
www.cbecimat.com.br/Trab_Completos/201-006.doc
www.mse.ntu.edu.tw/~frontier/Dental%20Materials,%2022,%20138-145.pdf

NanoTech In Jamia Millia Islamia

2008-12-31T08:34:00.000-08:00

Jamia Millia Islamia, an institution originally established at Aligarh in United Provinces, India in 1920 became a Central University by an act of the Indian Parliament in 1988. In Urdu language, Jamia means ‘University’, and Millia means ‘National’.
Brilliant Engineers,Reseachers,Islamic Leaders,Journalist,IAS and other Higher Rank officers, Actors taken their degrees from this University .These Briliant Alumnis famous the name of Jamia Millia Islamia whole around the world due to its high quality education environment.

Number of new courses started in this University every year in different fields in which Masters of Technology in the field of Nanotechnology is one of them.This course started in 2007 in Department of Physics due to the efforts of Prof Mushahid Hussain and other faculties and running successfully .From different technical fields ,large number of students enroll for this course every year.The course structure is of international standards which fullfill all the needs of the students which is necessary to learn and to be expertise in this field.Other experience faculties of this department also give their contribution to teach the students about this field.Prof Mushahid Hussain have good co-ordiantion from faculties of other departments of this university eg Chemistry,Electronics,Applied Sciences etc and scientists from different government R&D firms eg DRDO,NPL, IIT. These faculties came and give their guest lecture in this field to expertise the students .

Prof Mushahid Hussain is one of the experience faculty in Jamia Millia Islamia , having deeper knowledge in the field of material science.Prof Mushahid Hussain engaged in the nanoscience research from many years. He is the member of various scientific commitees .He organize many conferences in the field of nanotechnology every year .Under his guidance,many of the research scholors got their doctorate degree in this new emerging field.Number of Ongoing research projects in this field running under his guidance of various govt institutions eg DRDO etc.Prof Mushaid Hussains material science lab is well equipped with different materials,gases,pumps and equipment which is the necessary requirement for the nanoscience research eg Thermal Evaporation Unit,RF Magnetron Sputtering Unit, CVD Unit,LPCVD unit,Spin Coating Unit,ECR Plasma Etching Unit,Scanning Electron Microscope etc.
Every Jamian who associated with the Nanotechnology Reaesrch,Teaching and Training are feeling proud on Prof Mushahid Hussain efforts for starting the Post graduate Course in Nanotechnology in Jamia Millia Islamia.
As Jamia Millia Islamia is the first University in Delhi which start this Post Graduate Programme..After this , two more Delhi based Universties D.U Univ ,I.P Univ start their Post Graduate programme in Nanotechnology in 2008.
So We can hope this future technology play an important role in different field and provide the good carrier opportunities to the persons who associated with this field.

For more information ,please contact to:
Co-ordinator (http://jmi.nic.in/Fnat/mush_ph.htm)
M-Tech (Nanotechnology)
Department of physics
Jamia Millia Islamia ,New Delhi
http://jmi.nic.in/index.html

Simulation Methods in Nanotechnology

2008-12-30T09:54:00.000-08:00

Scalable space–time multiresolution algorithms implemented on massively parallel computers enable large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations involving up to a billion atoms. Multimillion atom MD simulations are performed to study critical issues in the area of structural and dynamical correlations in nanostructures. Simulation research is focused on a few semiconductor, ceramic, and metallic nanostructures. These nanostructures systems include: nanometer-scale stress patterns in silicon/silicon nitride nanopixels; self-limiting growth and critical lateral sizes in gallium arsenide/indium arsenide nanomesas; structural transformation in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals; nanoindentation of crystalline and amorphous silicon nitride films; and dynamics of oxidation of metallic aluminum nanoparticles.

For More Details,Click on the given links:-
www.csm.ornl.gov/meetings/SCNEworkshop/Voter.pdf
www.cme.ustc.edu.cn/wuhengan/papers/An%20atomistic%20simulation%20method%20combining.pdf
www.nanomemcourse.eu/new/z-outils/docs/EF2/ef2-programme.pdf
http://www.diamond.kist.re.kr/DLC/R&D_DB/2006-sendai-nano-symposium.ppt www.jamstec.go.jp/esc/publication/annual/annual2002/pdf/3project/chapter4/2minami.pdf
www.dl-forum.de/dateien/15_Ohno.pdf
www.mpi-halle.mpg.de/annual_reports/2005.pdf/jb_results_12.pdf
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_dynamics
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method
www.people.physics.uiuc.edu/Ceperley/papers/177.pdf
www.rle.mit.edu/rleonline/ProgressReports/2109_22.pdf
www.nucleo-milenio.cl/publications/PhysRevB_73_092417.pdf
www.aps.anl.gov/Future/Workshops/Nanomagnetism/Summaries/Schulthess.pdf
www.rle.mit.edu/media/pr149/33.pdf
www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/eprint/DT185.pdf

NANO-RADIO

2008-12-29T05:35:00.000-08:00

The carbon nanotube radio consists of an individual carbon nanotube mounted to an electrode in close proximity to a counter-electrode, with a DC voltage source, such as from a battery or a solar cell array, connected to the electrodes for power. The applied DC bias creates a negative electrical charge on the tip of the nanotube, sensitizing it to oscillating electric fields. Both the electrodes and nanotube are contained in vacuum, in a geometrical configuration similar to that of a conventional vacuum tube.
Incoming radio waves cause the tube to vibrate. The tube itself can be "tuned" to respond to vibrations that match certain frequencies, or "channels" on the radio dial.

For more details,click on the given link:-

http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/zettl/projects/nanoradio/2007_Nanoletters_Nanotube_radio.pdf

http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jan252008/166.pdf

http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/wireless/a-fully+functioning-nanotube-radio-317381.php

Scanning Electron Microscope

2008-12-28T11:29:00.000-08:00

SEM stands for scanning electron microscope. The SEM is a microscope that uses electrons instead of light to form an image. Since their development in the early 1950's, scanning electron microscopes have developed new areas of study in the medical and physical science communities. The SEM has allowed researchers to examine a much bigger variety of specimens.
The scanning electron microscope has many advantages over traditional microscopes. The SEM has a large depth of field, which allows more of a specimen to be in focus at one time. The SEM also has much higher resolution, so closely spaced specimens can be magnified at much higher levels. Because the SEM uses electromagnets rather than lenses, the researcher has much more control in the degree of magnification. All of these advantages, as well as the actual strikingly clear images, make the scanning electron microscope one of the most useful instruments in research today.

Transmission Electron microscope

2008-12-28T11:19:00.000-08:00

This instrument employs a beam of electrons to image the specimen and no light is involved. An image of the specimen is viewed on a phosphor coated screen and the final pictures, called electron micrographs, are made on photographic plates or film. The source of the electrons is a heated tungsten filament, a single Lanthanum Hexaboride crystal, or a very sharp metal tip. The electron beam is accelerated down a vertical column (under vacuum) by high voltage and focused by electro-magnetic lenses. Electrons cannot be focused by glass lenses. In fact, even very thin glass will stop an electron beam. The voltages used to accelerate the beam can be from a few thousand up to a million volts in some research instruments. The usual potential is somewhere between 10 000V and 150 000V in routine instruments. Specimens for examination by TEM need to be very thin, of the order of 50 nanometers or less.

A common method for the preparation of biological specimens is sectioning. Fixed biological material is infiltrated with a plastic, often Methacrylate or an epoxide such as Araldite, which hardens to a solid block. Very thin slices, or sections, are cut from this block with an Ultra-Microtome using a glass or diamond knife. The sections are mounted on copper grids for examination in the TEM. Metals and other conducting material can be thinned by chemical means, mechanical polishing, or by electrolysis.

Specimens such as virus particles, proteins or DNA molecules are placed on very thin carbon films on a copper grid made by the evaporation of carbon in high vacuum. Specimens are usually stained or shadowed with heavy metal to increase the contrast. It has taken decades to develop suitable methods for EM preparation and it is still the most difficult part of the process.

Planar Magnetron RF Sputtering

2008-12-28T10:53:00.000-08:00

Magnetron Sputtering Unit with single magnetron source of 4" size [target] is Vacuum Chamber measures 12 inch. dia. x 10 inch. height glass chamber with both ends open and achieve vacuum sealing with top plate and bottom plate. A target holder, for the material to be sputtered, made of copper with provision for cooling by water circulation .A high speed vacuum pumping system fully integrated with necessary piping and valves, all operated manually is rated for high gas through put handling and to produce clean and high vacuum in the chamber.
All the electrical controls and instruments are housed in the main unit at convenient place for smooth operation .

For More Information click on the given link:-

http://www.hindhivac.com/pdf1/magneteron%20sputtering.pdf

For more information about other instruments,click on the given link:-

www.cqd.eecs.northwestern.edu/about/facilities.php

CNT True Images

2008-12-28T08:47:00.000-08:00

BELOW POSTED LINK PROVIDE THE VITAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE CNT:
Excellent images can be viewed frm this link including graphs:-

Growth Mechanism of CNT
NanoSensors
Field Emission and Application
and Lot of more stuff---

Link:-
http://nanotube.korea.ac.kr/research_Device5_eng.html

NanoBiotech and Functionalized CNTs

2008-12-28T08:01:00.001-08:00

After powering the micro-electronics revolution, silicon could carve out an important new role in speeding the debut of ultra-clean fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen, researchers suggest.

To get more information,click on the given links:-

Funcionalized CNTs
http://www.cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/html_trees_links/1590597488/Gulseren/Funct_Carbon_%20Nanotubes_Def.pdf

Funcionalized CNTs for Nanobiotechnology--
http://www.cea.fr/var/cea/storage/static/gb/library/Clefs52/pdf-gb/075_82p_gb52.pdf

NanoBiotechnology
http://www.nano.gov/nni_nanobiotechnology_rpt.pdf
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobiotechnology

Functinalization of Single Wall CNT with DNA:-
http://www.cntresearcher.net/Documents/presesntation%202.ppt

Fuel Cells and Nanotubes

2008-12-28T05:21:00.000-08:00

Nanotubes and Fuel Cells

Researchers report hydrogen storage by silicon nanotubes exceeds that of their carbon couterparts. Silicon could play a large role in the emergence of "clean" hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

After powering the micro-electronics revolution, silicon could carve out an important new role in speeding the debut of ultra-clean fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen.

Researchers have focused on the potential use of carbon nanotubes for storing hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles for years. Despite nanotubes’ great promise, they have been unable to meet the hydrogen storage goals for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. A more efficient material for hydrogen storage is needed. Using powerful molecular modeling tools to compare the hydrogen storage capacities of newly developed silicon nanotubes to carbon nanotubes. In theory, silicon nanotubes can absorb hydrogen molecules more efficiently than carbon nanotubes under normal fuel cell operating conditions.

The calculations pave the way for tests to determine whether silicon nanotubes can meet standards for hydrogen storage.

Field Emission Display Through CNTs

2008-12-28T04:59:00.000-08:00

◆What is Field Emission Display?

Field Emission Theory: By applied a high electric field to a conductor, the effective energy barrier of the conductor surface will reduce and the barrier wall will become low. So the electrons will easily tunnel through the energy barrier and emit from the surface of conductor. Field Emission Display is a kind of display technologies, which works base on the field emission theory. See figure 1,2 and 3 for comparison it with CRT .

Advantages of CNT-FED　　

◇Thin Profile　　

◇High Luminance　　

◇High Contrast 　　

◇High Light Efficiency　　

◇Wide View Angle 　　

◇Fast Response 　　

◇Low Driving Voltage　　

◇Lower Power Consumption 　

◇Wide Operating Temperature　　

◇Flexible dimensions

Free Scale Semiconductor Noida

2008-12-24T08:03:00.000-08:00

Company : Name : Freescale Semiconductor India Pvt. Ltd.
Industry : Semiconductor/Wafer Fabrication
Type of Company :Private Limited Company, Foreign Based Company
Location : 5th,6th,7th Floors, Express Trade Tower Plot Nos.15 & 16, Sector 16 A Noida 201301

To submit Resume,plz click on the given link:
http://careers.peopleclick.com/careerscp/client_freescale/external/en_US/registration.do

WebSite :http://www.freescale.com

Semiconductor Companies

2008-12-22T10:05:00.000-08:00

Click on a given link to see the details:-
http://electros.in/list-of-semiconductor-companies

NanoTech Companies In India

2008-12-18T10:55:00.000-08:00

Please click the given link to get the more information about the nanotechnology companies in India:-
http://www.yashnanotech.com/pdf/NANOTECHNOLOGY%20COMPANIES%20OF%20INDIA.pdf %20OF%20INDIA

NanoTechnology In India

2008-12-18T10:48:00.000-08:00

Univerities and Research Centres:-

Highlights:-
Nanotechnology related Universities and Research Centers
Description of areas of research
Contact information

For getting it,Click on the given link:-
http://www.indiananotechnology.com/uploads/Nanotechnology_Research_in_India_By_U-Shu_Nanotech_rev_B.pdf

NanoBiotechnology In Jamia Hamdard

2008-12-18T10:36:00.000-08:00

Jamia Hamdard plans to set up a nanobiotechnology centre to facilitate research in the field. A faculty has been selected to carry out research and training as well as to chalk out a Masters course in nanobiotechnology soon. The course will be a five-year doctoral programme.
Fascinated by the principle behind nanotechnology, which is reducing the size of a product and increasing its efficiency manifold, S Ahmad, vice chancellor of the university decided to start the first of its kind research centre at Jamia Hamdard.
Elaborating on the areas which will be at the core of the research projects, Ahmad said, As the name suggests nanobiotechnology means using tiny tools to learn about living things. By using nanotechnology, we can change the genetic code of the human body. The deficiencies in the body can be cured by using tiny and efficient tools once the problem is identified, added Ahmad.
In drug delivery even minuscule alterations to the surface of the nanobased structures can affect the toxicity of the individual cells. Toxicity is desirable for particles that kill cancer cells or harmful bacteria. So, biotechnology associated with nanotechnology can revolutionise human life, he said.
The faculty will be interdisciplinary in nature. We have invited faculty members of other science subjects to conduct experiments to improve their scientific and technical expertise. We will also register students to this department who are interested in innovations and honing their technical skills, he added.
The budget required is Rs 1,500 crore. Since it is a deemed university, Jamia Hamdard does not get grants from University Grants Commission (UGC). We have sent requests to various ministries for financial aid. As of now, we are funding the programme from our own resources, said Ahmad.
The vice chancellor has also sent a proposal to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to introduce nanotechnology from kindergarten to nurture young scientists. According to him, the proposal is under consideration. We need 15-20 years to shape a scientist in this field. By the time students complete their graduation and think of selecting nanotechnology as their area of expertise, other subjects have already consumed much of their time and attention.

For More Details,click on the given link--
http://www.jamiahamdard.edu/PDF/hamdard_acheivement%20advt%20_7.8.08.pdf

NANOCRYSTALS

2008-12-12T06:46:00.000-08:00

A nanocrystal is a crystalline particle with at least one dimension measuring less than 1000 nanometers (nm), where 1 nm is defined as 1 thousand-millionth of a meter (10-9 m).
Nanocrystals have a wide variety of proven and potential applications. They have been used in the manufacture of filters that refine crude oil into diesel fuel. Nanocrystals can also be layered and applied to flexible substrates to produce solar panels. Titania nanocrystals can be suspended in liquid form and applied to surfaces, making it possible to literally paint a solar panel onto an exterior wall or roof.

Possible future uses of nanocrystals include:
Production of hydrogen
Removal of pollutants and toxins
Medical imaging
Bio-tags for gene identification
Drug manufacture
Protein analysis
Flat-panel displays
Illumination
Optical and infrared lasers
Optoisolators
Magneto-optical memory chips
Self-organized smart materials.
Following link given below provide more information about it in detail:-
www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/fac-bios/brus/group/pdf-files/kavli_Lecture.pdf
www.ba.ipcf.cnr.it/pdf/brochure_Nanolab_CNR_IPCF.pdf
www.eose.ncku.edu.tw/~guotf/951course/5B.pdf
www.nims.go.jp/nanomat_lab/ResExchange/3_040309/NML_Oikawa040309.pdf
www.photochemistry.epfl.ch/EDEY/L_Balet.ppt

:-

Nanotechnology In Health Care

2008-12-05T07:51:00.000-08:00

Telemonitoring for homecare & sport

2008-12-05T07:32:00.000-08:00

telemonitoring, feedback, (home)training, self learning and self care

Remote Health Surveilance with FMCW Radar

2008-12-05T07:25:00.000-08:00

Remote health surveilance with FMCW radar
(2,4 9,8 en 76,6 GHz)

Portable
• detects motion, distance, direction
• low power, handheld, low cost
• antenna array
• Non contact measurement
• heartbeat (through clothes)
• respiration rate (through wall)
• skin cancer detection
• In body imaging
• breast cancer imaging
(1-2 mm)

What will be after Nanotechnology ?

2008-11-25T07:44:00.000-08:00

ANGOTECHNOLOGY
Now the challenge is to push nanofabrication to the scale of single nanometers and even Angstroms.
Historically, the Ångström is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), who was one of the founders of spectroscopy. In 1868, Ångström introduced a spectrum chart to systematize solar radiation. The chart expressed the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation of the Sun in multiples of one ten-millionth of a millimeter, now called Angstrom. To give an example, the width of a human hair is typically about one million Angstroms.To make electronic devices with dimensions of a few Angstroms a new technology needs to be developed. Such Angstrom-resolution technology, or angotechnology, to be efficient, needs to provide tools to manipulate single atoms. Recently a possible approach to angotechnology was suggested in a paper by Aref, Remeika, and Bezryadin. Their idea is based on two facts: (1) Single atomic layers of graphite, known as graphene, are now available to scientists through the developments of Novoselov and collaborators. (2) The electron beam in a modern high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscope can be focused into a spot of only half an Angstrom. Remarkably, the electron focus spot diameter is smaller than the distance between neighboring atoms in graphene, which is 1.4 Angstroms. It is suggested by some researchers that if a highly focused e-beam of a TEM should be able to push single atoms from a suspended graphene layer. In order to illustrate the idea, Aref and collaborators focused an electron beam on a carbon nanotube, which is composed of a few rolled layers of graphene. It was indeed possible to remove atoms from the nanotube. The size of the resulting holes was about 20 or 30 Angstroms, which corresponds to hundreds of atoms removed. Although the power of the 2 00 keV e-beam to expel atoms from graphene is evident, the possibility to remove single atoms at will remains to be demonstrated in the experiment. The authors of the paper argue that further optimization of the method should allow the electron-beam expulsion of single atoms (EBESA) from the graphene. The EBESA, when achieved, will be the key to angofabrication and angotechnolgy. Many group compete to achieve the goal of a controlled expulsion of single atoms. This will allow one to fabricate devices with a truly atomic precision, simply by removing unwanted atoms from a monoatomic film, such as graphene.
The image given above illustrates the principle of EBESA, suggested as an approach to the development of angotechnology. There, a ficused beam of electrons (red) targets single atoms of graphene and expels them, on a one-by-one basis. Thus graphene-based electronic devices of any shape can be produced, with atomic precision. The figure above shows a prototype tripod device (green).

Clean Water from Nanotechnology

2008-11-25T07:25:00.000-08:00

New technology that can absorb toxic chemicals from ground water — a technology that could soon find its way into water purification systems. To refine the method using Dendritic Nanotechnologies' Priostar dendrimer-based nanotechnology. Dendrimers are spheroid or globular structures engineered to carry specific molecules in their interior empty spaces or on their surface.
The primary target for the purification system will be perchlorate — a groundwater contaminant found in several regions — which has been found to adversely affect the health of women by interfering with iodide absorption in the thyroid gland. Researchers believe it will also prove effective at removing and recovering metals such as chromium and lead and contaminants such as arsenic from groundwater.
"Not only this technology serve the legislative and environmental requirements in a cost effective manner.The economic need for a water remediation and recovery system that is cost effective, recovers precious metals for recycling, and releases water that exceeds the Clean Water Act standards back into the environment will be highly desired worldwide.

HOW CNT CAN GROW ON SUBSTARTE

2008-11-24T09:34:00.000-08:00

Process for Thin Film Coating

Before go to the process for the CNT growth on to the substrate,it is essential first to formed the thin film on to the substrate.We used quartz substrate in this process (glass,silicon wafer etc can also be used) and develop thin film on it by using RF Plasma Sputtering (others process can also be used).Its a very simple process for thin film coating on to the substrate.First placed the substrate at the desired location in the chamber,creating the vaccum and starting firing of plasma in it for certain time.Due to the ionic bombardment onto the target,material have been deposited onto the substrate.Now the sample is ready to grow the CNT/any other material on it.

CNT can be grown by using many methods:
a) Ion discharge
b) CVD
c) Laser Ablation etc

But we used CVD process at atmospheric pressure to grow CNT onto the quartz substrate:-
STEPS:---

1):- First put the sample in the boat after cleaning the boat from acetone and insert it in the
CVD chamber

2):- Plug on the supply,Set Temp: 800 degree celcius approx and set voltage level upto 200
volts (Note: These parameters depend on the type of substrate used)

3):- Now wait till the temperature reach upto 8oo degree celcius.(Note: In our case it consume
approx 20-30 mins to reach the set temperature value.

4):- When achieve the desired temperature,get ready to pass the gases from the chamber

5):- Pass the Argon gas from the chamber which act as a inert gas for five minutes using Mass
flow controller.(Set 50 but it can be changed like can set 100 too)

6):- Now Pass the Acetylene (IUPAC name: ethyne), C2 H2 from the chamber
for ten minutes using Mass flow controller..(Set 20 but this parameter can be changed too.
Note:Some other Catalyst can also be used to grow CNT like some researchers used Resin and become succeed to grow CNT on it .

7):- Now turn off the supply and the developed sample is ready to characterized it from a
Microscopy Techniques eg SEM,TEM etc (We used SEM for it and see the fine CNT structures have been developed onto the substrate.

Points to Remember:-

MWCNTs synthesized with low acetylene concentration are more regular and with a lower amount of amorphous carbon than those synthesized with a high concentration. During the synthesis of CNTs, amorphous carbon nanoparticles nucleate on the external wall of the nanotubes. At high acetylene concentration carbon nanoparticles grow, covering all CNTs’ surface, forming a compact coating. The combination of CNTs with this coating of amorphous carbon nanoparticles lead to a material with high decomposition temperature.

For more info about CVD and Acetylene,click on the given links:-
http://www.uccs.edu/~tchriste/courses/PHYS549/549lectures/cvd.html for CVD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylene for c2h2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin for resin

http://www.fy.chalmers.se/atom/research/nanotubes/production.xml for MWCNT & SWCNT

Note: All the above given description on experimantal basis and subject to change/error---

3T MRI

2008-11-23T05:19:00.000-08:00

All MRI machines are calibrated in "Tesla Units". The strength of a magnetic field is measured in Tesla or Gauss Units. The stronger the magnetic field, the stronger the amount of radio signals which can be elicited from the body's atoms and therefore the higher the quality of MRI images.

1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss
Low-Field MRI= Under .2 Tesla (2,000 Gauss)
Mid-Field MRI= .2 to 0.6 Tesla (2,000 Gauss to 6,000 Gauss)
High-Field MRI= 1.0 to 1.5 Tesla (10,000 Gauss to 15,000 Gauss)

Advantages of 3 Tesla MRI

The 3T MRI has twice the field strength of most conventional MRI scanners, which typically operate at 1.5 Tesla. The 3T strength can increase the imaging resolution by 16 times. Tesla is a unit of measure for magnetic field strength. Three tesla is equivalent to 30,000 times the earth’s magnetic field. The 3T MRI captures images with a level of detail, clarity and speed never before possible.

Some of the procedures that the 3T MRI system will particularly benefit include:
• MR angiography
• Neurological/brain imaging
• Spine studies • Orthopedic – including elbow, wrist, hip, knee, foot and ankle
• Prostate
• Pelvis – Male and Female
• Abdominal
• Functional imaging, spectroscopy, and brain fiber tracking

THIN FILM MEMBRANES

2008-11-22T23:56:00.000-08:00

Thin film composite membranes (TFC or TFM)

These are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells.
Essentially, a TFC material is a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials.
Membranes used in reverse osmosis are typically made out of polyimide, chosen primarily for its permeability to water and relative impermeability to various dissolved impurities including salt ions and other small, unfilterable molecules.

Applications
Thin film composite membranes are used in
Water purification;
As a chemical reaction buffer (batteries and fuel cells);
In industrial gas separations.

Active Research Areas
Nano-composite membranes (TFN). Key points: multiple layers, multiple materials.
New materials, sythetic zeolites, etc. to obtain higher performance.
Fuel-cells.
Batteries.

NANOPHOTONICS COMPANY IN GERMANY

2008-11-22T09:44:00.000-08:00

This company provides ultra-compact defect inspection tools for wafer front side, back side and edge in R&D, automated in-line quality monitoring, and for integrated defect inspection applications in semiconductor manufacturing. Our innovative modular product architecture, advanced defect classification software and strong engineering capabilities allow us to react quickly to customer’s needs and to provide cost effective solutions. The basis of our success is both the consistent approach to the requirements of the market, and our strong customer orientation.
To apply for a job or visited the website,please click on the given link..
http://www.nanophotonics.de/index.html

2008-11-22T05:04:00.000-08:00

LITTLE JOURNEY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

1959 Feynman gives after-dinner talk describing molecular machines building with atomic precision
1974 Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter machining
1977 Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT
1981 First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic precisionSTM invented
1985 Buckyball discovered
1986 First book publishedAFM inventedFirst organization formed
1987 First protein engineered First university symposium
1988 First university course
1989 IBM logo spelled in individual atoms First national conference
1990 First nanotechnology journalJapan's STA begins funding nanotech projects
1991 Japan''s MITI announces bottom-up "atom factory"IBM endorses bottom-up pathJapan's
MITI commits $200 million Carbon nanotube discovered
1992 First textbook publishedFirst Congressional testimony
1993 First Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology awardedFirst coverage of nanotechfrom White House"Engines of Creation" book given to Rice administration, stimulating
first university nanotech center
1994 Nanosystems textbook used in first university courseUS Science Advisor advocates
nanotechnology
1995 First think tank reportFirst industry analysis of military applications
1996 $250,000 Feynman Grand Prize announcedFirst European conference NASA begins work
in computational nanotechFirst nanobio conference
1997 First company founded: ZyvexFirst design of nanorobotic system
1998 First NSF forum, held in conjunction with Foresight ConferenceFirst DNA-based
nanomechanical device
1999 First Nanomedicine book publishedFirst safety guidelines Congressional hearings on
proposed National Nanotechnology Initiative
2000 President Clinton announces U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative First state research
initiative: $100 million in California
2001 First report on nanotech industryU.S. announces first center for military applications
2002 First nanotech industry conference Regional nanotech efforts multiply
2003 Congressional hearings on societal implicationsCall for balancing NNI research
portfolioDrexler/Smalley debate is published in Chemical & Engineering News
2004 First policy conference on advanced nanotechFirst center for nanomechanical systems
2005 At Nanoethics meeting, Roco announces nanomachine/nanosystem project count has
reached 300
2006 National Academies nanotechnology report calls for experimentation toward molecular manufacturing

PhD Info:-Canada

2008-11-21T04:32:00.000-08:00

ADVANCE MICRO/NANO DEVICES LAB

Univ Of WaterLoo,Ontario,Canada

About Them:
Top researchers and dynamic graduate students from around the world .Its vision is to use their unique resources to perform world-class research in the field of micro/nanotechnology. This is consistent with their goal of designing practical micro/nanosystem solutions to common real-world problems.

List Of Current Scholors,plz clik on the given link:-http://biomems.uwaterloo.ca/people.html

RESEARCH AREAS:-

1. MEMS/NEMSMicro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS)

2. Microassembly

3. Nanodevices for Biomedical Applications

Projects Running:-

Lab currently looking for energetic and hardworking undergraduate & graduate students to work on the following projects:

1. MEMS Optical Scanner for endoscopic optical coherence tomographic imaging.

2. Micromirror devices with confocal macroscopy for genetic microarray reading and tissue imaging.

3. Robotics for micromanipulations of MEMS components.

4. Carbon nanotube-based sensors for biomedical applications.

5. Lab-on-a-chip designs.

Contact :-
A Passion To Connect
Mailing Address:Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterloo, Ontario,

N2L 3G1Office: DC 2631

Tel: +1-519-888-4567, ext 32152Fax: +1-519-746-4791

Email: jyeow[at]engmail.uwaterloo.ca

BHEL JOB

2008-11-19T04:54:00.000-08:00

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) BHEL Corporate R&D, Vikasnagar, Hyderabad - 500093, Andhra Pradesh

BHEL is looking for bright candidates with Doctoral qualifications in Engineering and Science with Aptitude for Research for the positions of Sr. Engineer/ Dy. Manager / Scientific Officer/ Sr. Scientific Officer/ Engineer/ Scientific Officer/ Sr. Engineer/ in Corporate Research & Development division situated at Hyderabad, Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Plant (ASSCP) situated at Gwalapahari, Gurgaon, Heavy Electrical Plant situated at Bhopal in the areas of :

Areas :

Modelling & Simulation of Gas-Soild Flow Systems for Clean Coal Technology, Nano Materials & Nano Technology, Fuel Cell (PEM/SOFC), Micro Electronics/Thin Film Technology, Cryogenic System Design for Superconducting Machines, Advanced Materials for Super-critical Boilers & Turbines and Nuclear Power Plant Equipment, Aero-Acoustics of Power Plant Applications, Transient/Nucleating Flow Analysis/ Cavitations Flow Simulation, Thermal Turbomachine, Insulation Chemistry, High Voltage Engineering, Partial Discharge (High Voltage), Hydraulic Designing of Turbines & Pumps
Qualification : Candidates should possess Ph D in relevant area of specialization, as a full time student of a recognized Institute/University, from India or abroad. 2. Area of Specialisation / working experience should be supported by Published works. Candidates with no Ph.D can also apply for Sr. Engineer.
How to Apply: Interested candidates should send the filled-in application in the prescribed format along with attested copies of qualifications and experience, indicating “the Name of the post applied for & the Post code” on top of the cover/ envelope to the Manager (HR/Recruitment), BHEL Corporate R&D, Vikasnagar, Hyderabad - 500093, Andhra Pradesh latest by 08/12/2008. However, an advance copy of filled in application may be sent through email to kbr@bhelrnd.co.in
Last Date of application submitting is 08/12/2008
Further details available at http://www.bhel.com/pdf/Advt_061108.pdf
Application form available at http://www.bhel.com/pdf/Appli_Form061108.pdf

COFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE

2008-11-13T03:39:00.000-08:00

(ICFMAT 2009)
International conference on International Conference on Functional Materials for Advanced Technology

It provides an ideal platform to to discuss the latest advancements in the Physics and Chemistry of materials The idea is to bring together researchers, scientists and academia active in the field of solid state and materials chemistry into a single arena. The conference looks ahead to cover a wide range of interdisciplinary topics such as Functional materials, Nanomaterials, Magnetic materials, Biomaterials, Display materials and Energy Storage materials which are in the forefront of present day material development. The conference will also cover theoretical modeling/simulations, novel approaches in materials synthesis, characterization techniques and applications.Materials Research centre, Department of Physics, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai-600 066, India is actively working on NLO Materials, Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor Materials, Nano Materials, Materials for Display Devices, Device Fabrications. Researchers in this centre are actively engaged in CSIR, DRDO& DST funded projects. This centre is also offering Ph.D programmes. The Department of Physics has been active in several research programs in these frontier areas and takes pride in bringing together pioneers, stalwarts and other active researchers all over the world by this conference.The technical programs comprise of plenary, keynote and invited talks from eminent scientists from India and abroad, contributed lectures from both the young and experienced researchers and also poster presentations. The two-day conference will provide an attractive atmosphere for the participants from all over the world to discuss, to interact and to exchange their prolific ideas and state-of-the-art work with some of the best minds in the field. One of the highlights of the conference would be giving young and talented researchers a chance to present their work and share their ideas with the most eminent scientists in the field. We look forward to your participation in the International Conference on Functional Materials for Advanced Technology (ICFMAT 2009) at Chennai.Conference topics: Functional MaterialsModeling and Computer Simulations of Functional MaterialsOptoelectronic Materials & DevicesMagnetic MaterialsElectroceramic MaterialsLiquid CrystalsElectrochemical Materials & DevicesHigh Performance Polymers and FibersBiomaterials & Devices
SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS:-
Delegates interested in submitting the papers are requested to send abstract (maximum 200 words) to the convenor. The abstract has to be submitted by e-mail, preferably an attachment file.Authors are invited to submit papers of not more than 8 pages of double column text using single-spaced, 10-point Times New Roman font on 8.5 x 11 inch pages. Accepted papers will be printed in the conference proceedings. The size limit of the text is one page (A4 size: printing area 6" x 9") including the title, names, affiliation and graphics regardless of the method of abstract submission.The paper should describe original work with specific results. The content of the paper must not be announced (or) published prior to the conference. Prepare abstracts according to the guidelines and send them to the convener no later than November 03-10-2008.

The deadline for the submission of full length paper is 10-12-2008.
Additional Information
CategoryIndian delegates(Industrial participants) :Rs. 2000
Indian delegates(Academician/scientist) :Rs. 1500
Foreign delegates (Industrial participants) :$ 300
Foreign delegates (Academician/scientist) :$ 250I
ndian Student/Research scholar: Rs 1000Foreign Student/Research scholar: $200

NANOTECH 2009

2008-11-13T03:23:00.000-08:00

ICMEMS 2009 - International Conference on MEMS2009
Location:-Chennai, India
In recent years, MEMS has emerged as a major area of interest in India. In particular, this has been a successful interdisciplinary research programme at Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), one of the premier technology institutes in India. IITM is stepping into its 50th year on 31 July, 2008.
As part of the year long Golden Jubilee celebrations of IITM, we are organising an International Conference on MEMS (ICMEMS 2009) in Chennai, India, from 3 - 5 January, 2009.
The main objective of this conference is to provide a forum for researchers to interact and exchange information about their activities in the area of MEMS. The conference will consist of plenary/invited talks by eminent researchers in the MEMS/NEMS field worldwide as well as Oral and Poster presentations from contributed papers.
We invite original technical papers in all areas pertaining to design, fabrication and applications of MEMS and NEMS for oral and poster presentations. The main topics to be covered, but not limited to, are:
* Design, Modelling and Simulation of MEMS devices
* Materials, Fabrication and Processes
* Testing, Reliability and Packaging
* Applications of MEMS: RF MEMS, Optical MEMS, BioMEMS, Sensors, Actuators, etc.
* Microfluidics
* Emerging Trends
* Nano-Electro-Mechanical Devices and Systems (NEMS)
* Nanophotonics
* Other Relevant Topics
For more information:
http://www.icmems2009.iitm.ac.in

NANOTECH CONCLAVE

2008-11-13T03:18:00.000-08:00

4th Nanotechnology Conclave 2009
2 to 3 March 2009 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Website: http://www.tntdpc.com/nanotechnology.html
Contact name: K Kalaivanan
4th Nanotechnology Conclave 2009, Tamil Nadu Technology Development & Promotion Center of CII's mega international event, is scheduled to be held in :
Chennai, India, at Hotel Taj Coromandal, from 02-03 March 2009.
Organized by: Tamil Nadu Technology Development & Promotion Center of CII
Deadline for abstracts/proposals: 10 February 2009

NANO PROJECT IN INDIAN OIL

2008-11-13T02:46:00.000-08:00

Appointment of Research Associate on Ad-Hoc Basis
The Research & Development Centre of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., is undertaking specific time-bound projects in the area of Nano-technology, ,requires ad-hoc position purely on temporary basis for specified duration as mentioned against each of the following project :

Project on Heat Transfer Fluid.
Post :- Research Associate
Job Code:- R&D / Ad-hoc / 32)
Position:-01
Tenure:-12 months
Eligibility:-Post-Graduate in Science and M.Tech. in Nanosciences/Nano-technology with exposure to research in nanotechnology area.
ENOLUMENTS:-21,500 PM
AGE:- 28 Years
Date of Interview – 19.11.2008
Venue of Walk-in Interview : Indian oil Corporation Ltd.
Research & Development Centre (near Escorts Agri-Machinery Factory), Sector-13, Faridabad

Candidates reporting after 12.00 noon shall not be allowed to appear for the interview .A candidate will be allowed to apply for one position only. No TA / DA will be paid for the purpose of interview and joining after selection.

Candidates are advised to furnish details with respect to qualifications, age and experience etc, in the attached format along with recent passport size photographs at the time of Walk-in Interview. Candidates must bring all original certificates along with photocopies.
http://www.iocl.com/PeopleCareers/Appointment_Research_Associates_111108.pdf

For further queries, you may please contact
Ms. Rashmi Tiru, M(HR) – Ph. No. 0129-2294229
or Mr. P K Gupta, SO(ER) – Ph. No. 0129-2294234.